Lost in America Download Full dual audio 123movies eng sub director Rotimi Rainwater

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Coauthor: Ari Aster

Biography: 'Hereditary' and 'Midsommar' guy (and more!)

Documentary
8,3 of 10
Runtime=105Minute
Review=Lost in America is a movie starring Rosario Dawson, Halle Berry, and Tiffany Haddish. A documentary film that follows director Rotimi Rainwater, a former homeless youth, as he travels the country to shine a light on the epidemic of

Rotimi Rainwater
Lost in america pepper. Just saw Alice Cooper and it was epic he sounds the same.

Great song. Lost in america 2020 reviews youtube. 😂😂 You don't even know me, you bald - headed fart! 😂😂😂. Lost int. american. Like every year, we're collecting all the April Fool's pranks that each subreddit is running. If you find one, post it here. edit please try to keep any top level comments on topic and about reddit's or any subreddit April 1st jokes (other website pranks also welcome) final edit I think I'm done. I tried to get all the responses into the body of this post. I apologize if I missed a few, but there were a lot. I'll still be updating the notable Sequence links until the sitewide event is complete. r/games is closed to raise awareness: Link r/trees is not allowing any fun: Link r/blackpeopletwitter no longer allowing white people to post: Link r/dankmemes banned a ton of people related to EU Article 13 and created some sort of Battle Royale thing r/astrophotography will only be accepting images with a specific curve process applied. Link r/dataisbeautiful is a combination of r/catstandingup and r/me_irl r/polandball is allowing all shaps and is now r/poland-anything-but-a-ball r/europe has become the UK’s House of Commons r/Izlam the Muslim meme subreddit has converted to the one true faith: The Emperor's New Groove r/nocontextpics: sob stories only: Link r/pics: no more facebook or low-effort posts, titles must be concise, etc: Link r/onepiece author announced that the series will be ending after 25 years r/formula1 switched to r/WECfeederseries r/Samsung changed its icon to the Apple logo. There is a post about Apple acquiring Samsung Mobile r/animemes and r/HistoryMemes swapped r/diynz has a diy theme r/chch (subreddit for Christchurch, NZ) has re themed as a wedding, complete with live thread and active commentary and planning r/FireEmblem and r/Kirby have swapped r/Diablo now has a mobile theme, to celebrate Blizzards well received mobile Diablo game. r/memes is garlic bread themed r/the_donald is pro-CNN: Link r/Minecraft is Fortnite themed r/AskAnAmerican has changed to r/AskAmericansAboutEurope. Questions about America are banned. Questions must be about Europe or European countries and must be answered by Americans. Link r/dota2 is now a chess subreddit Link r/DebateEvolution is now acreationist subreddit. Link r/nba has switched all flairs to either the Lakers or Celtics (two of the most hated teams in the leagues who are also rivals with each other). Also, all Lakers flairs are now Celtics flairs and vice versa. And the sidebar pic is LeBron in a Celtics jersey. r/whowouldwin has been acquired by The Walt Disney Company and is now only allowing family friendly posts involving characters that are owned by Disney. Link r/theNetherlands has become r/theNeanderthals and bans all words with more than 7 letters. Link? Maybe? idk r/gryffindor, r/hufflepuff, r/ravenclaw, and r/slytherin all swapped CSS for the day, turning each common room into a different one. r/oddlysatisfying went private. (user editorial: "Not satisfying! ") r/Daystrominstitute appears to have a universal translator failure. (<-- Star Trek nerd alert) r/40klore has now embraced Chaos Undivided. r/KerbalSpaceProgram and r/EliteDangerous have swapped banners and styles, with the banners having been edited somewhat humorously in the theme of April Fools. (editor's note: it has not been verified whether or not the banner swap is actually humorous) r/brakebills and r/theorder decided to switch places. r/NFL is now a Maroon 5 sub r/nascar has replaced all flairs with a cat named Blaney. The cat was very controversial last year as it’s owner posted a picture of it every race day until he was barred from doing so. Blaney now makes his triumphant return. r/itookapicture - all submitted photos must be rotated by 180 degrees during our search for new Australian moderators. r/shitpostcrusaders has changed from a JoJos bizarre adventure sub into a Jojo Siwa sub r/GermanRap, the biggest sub for german rap, changed their subreddit-style and topics completly to a "Schlager Music/Popular Music/Volksmusic"-Subreddit. (editor's note: I don't know what any of that means) r/thedivision / and r/anthem swapped r/talesfromcavesupport is going to be speaking like regular people instead of caveman speak r/scissoring (NSFW) posted a Public Service Announcement about the dangers of scissors Link r/traaaaaaannnnnnnnnns (or r/traa for short) has decided their main subreddit does not have enough bees, and has created a secondary subreddit, literally r/TraaButOnlyBees r/GoForGold has an April Fool’s Day post that informs everyone that it will hand out plush gophers instead of reddit gold Link r/startrekgifs has completely taken over by Harry Mudd and appropriately renamed /muddgifs. In CSS anyway. r/halo just announced the Master Chief Collection is coming to the Switch r/archlinux and r/linuxmint swapped r/ani_bm which is a hebrew memes sub whoes main premise is jokingly hating any language other than hebrew is now an English subreddit r/squaredcircle used to be for pro wrestling, now it's all about Temptation Island. r/aeiou is apparently doing something? "Leberkäs is like a huge hot sausage with the main use of putting in inside a bun to eat it in Austria. " (editor's note: idgi) r/ayearofwarandpeace posts are in Russian today r/devilmaycry as become a page dedicated to dante voice actor r/Canada has become a sub for "Quebec and Greater Quebec" r/Forum_Democratie switched political parties for April fools'. r/brawlhalla and r/rivalsofaether are swapping subreddits r/HarryPotter is now Pigfarts-themed r/asheville has been set to private but links to something called r/thehotspot (basically the cesspool in 'cesspool of sin') r/justnoMIL is now all pet pictures r/ThatLookedExpensive is only posting cheap items today r/piano is requiring all posts to be pictures of cats and dogs with a piano. r/BeautyGuruChatter is now JennaMarblesChatter r/AirForce has decided to prank people saying service members can have beards in uniform.. followed by a rick roll link. (editor's note: more like Chair Force amirite) The mods for r/eliteclub r/eternityclub and r/popularclub are shutting the subs down Link r/TheOrderTV and r/brakebills have reversed roles. r/CFB has replaced all their football related flairs with cartoons. The mods for r/DestinyTheGame are leaving for a forum and the rest are now in a faction war between the two community managers. r/halifax makes fun of their road construction Link r/emo: only real emo is allowed in r/emo: Link r/galaxybuds has it's banners changed to pictures of the airpods r/OverwatchUniversity has now decided that Apex Legends is the one true game, and is now an Apex sub. r/bonehurtingjuice has been taken over by the Grinch r/joshuhate has become a Joshu Higashikata love server. r/ffxiv has turned into the commission tower r/competitiveoverwatch now has Monte as Santa, with all users as Koreans r/reddevils made an announcement Link Brandon Sanderson meme subreddit r/cremposting turned into a "we lobe Moash" subreddit r/flume teased a new release from our lord and saviour link r/PrequelMemes is now only allowing memes from the Expanded Universe. r/languagelearning has made its language of the week Gibberish. r/lockpicking has banned Video posts in response to Article 13. Users must now describe their lockpicking through textual stories. r/vzla became full chavista/antiimperialist propaganda for today r/greenday is a nickleback sub for the day r/IsTodayFridayThe13th has told us that today is Friday the 13th r/aaaaaaacccccccce / (NSFW) is PornHub themed and all the posts are set to nsfw. r/baseball has switched to an old-timey baseball theme. Team flairs are switched to team logos for ~100 years ago, for any teams that are that old. r/gocommitdie and r/phantomforces have swapped r/rainbow6 is rainbow themed for the week with new challenges in game r/warframe is in comic sans, all pictures are upside down, and it slowly tilts to the right over time r/Naruto is only Sakura and ChoCho r/furry_irl is only posting meat r/politicalhumor is text posts only today, post title as tweet style 'humor' r/theoreticalphysics and r/hypotheticalphysics merge r/StarWarsBattlefront has become anti-droids, declaring war on r/CISDidNothingWrong, and banning / cracking down on droid-related content r/SmashBrosUltimate has become Smash 4 themed r/collapse predicts an environmental utopia: link r/copypasta allows images now r/vaping (which is mainly for pictures) and the sister subreddit r/electronic_cigarette (which is mainly advocacy) have switched rules r/splatoon is full of tf2 memes r/PokemonQuest) are a Pixelmon Sub now r/LosAngeles has released a downloadable meta RPG featuring its users. link r/uga and r/gatech said they are merging r/piracy released avengers endgame link r/vermont replaced their sub banner with a photo of a New Hampshire landmark. r/runescape has branded itself after Jira, the bug reporting system that places like Mojang use, because of memes that the players are QA testers for bugs that make it into the game. r/AteTheOnion is now requiring all posts to be transcribed. r/networking is now secured by WatchGuard! Link r/CLNN changed to CNN r/BokuNoMetaAcademia only has posts about one piece r/EnterTheGungeon stickied a post about The Binding of Isaac. r/comics - a bunch of comics have realistic eyes r/AMD and r/NVIDIA have swapped themes r/beatlescirclejerk and r/pinkfloydcirclejerk are having a meme war r/pokemon is doing a scavenger hunt r/nintendo is now Church of Gaben r/cursedimages is apparently a FNAF vore subreddit r/thanosdidnothingwrong is now r/jokerdidnothingwrong r/RWBY has become Live-Action r/hotwheels is now dedicated to burning cars. r/superman and r/batman switched r/dccomics became r/didiocomics r/WritingPrompts added a Magic School Bus theme r/arrow became a Hawkeye sub r/wallstreetbets is making everyone mods r/Persona5 is violently shaking. I'd guess this is a play on how the camera in-game shakes gently during combat. r/ProtectandServe is gone invite only after completing a task r/asexual is NSFW for the day. r/gmod has turned into roblox r/lostredditors has turned into r/Ooer, all posts have to be titled lost_irl, and posts that would normally violate rule 3b are being posted. r/fivenightsatfreddys gave freddy a sans eye and made bad teasers for a fake official game r/SonicTheHedgehog is focusing on Sonally for the day. r/nosleep mods have moved it to r/nosleepredux for today. r/fwob is now game grumps themed r/raimimemes is allowing any Spider-Man memes but Raimi. r/bowling has become a subreddit dedicated to everything bowl related r/Politics did an AMA with a dude who voice-acted George Washington one time link r/dontstarve changed everybody's flairs to salmon. r/threshmains became a janna main subreddit r/gamingcirclejerk did something similar to r/games link r/LAGalaxy pranked the entire sub by making us think we resigned a highly unpopular player. r/AskHistorians is doing fake answers r/BJJ has a resident "BJJ doctor" who is prescribing the most insightful tips to everyday problems. r/RowlingWritings (a subreddit for reading and discussing J. K. Rowling's lesser known Harry Potter writings) posted a piece of fanfic. Link Nintendo turned Kirby into a cube You can play Snakes Google Maps app Corsair creates game launcher to launch your game launchers Link Pornhub announced Baterade (NSFW) Link is offering a gag certification for April fool's. You do have to provide an email address to receive it, just fyi. Link PC Gaming Wiki rebranding to Epic Gaming Wiki Link Webjet doing $1 Brexit flights from UK to Australia. Link XHamster Coffee Shops (NSFW) Link Google introduced a screen cleaner feature in their Files app. Link Google's prank this year is Google tulip Link Nvidia has their own voice assistant, R. O. N. Link Animelist prank with the new internet law Link (editor's note: maybe? I didn't read this one, so idk) Imgur is doing a "Meh vote" Link KnowYourMeme is doing a Live Meme Gameshow Link Meme Hunt link (editor's note: corrected by KYM themselves) "The Rechorder" The r/scp wiki has introduced The Bearitage Collection Link World of tanks support E-Tanks now Link After a 2 year hiatus from joke articles (with instead the home page being changed), Super Mario Wiki summarized a new lore video released by Nintendo of UK Link Adblock has now become a game dev studio, and has a mini tower defence game on their site. Link Ooni’s scent of pizza perfume Link tumblr has created a blog called Memories which is a bot that makes awful textposts that contain your embarrassing old tags, the text changes and is personalised for every user. also there's no way to find the blog unless someone has reblogged from it and it shows up like a virus on your dash. Link ThinkGeek is selling a Kirby Roomba (among other things) Link The danganrompa wiki is now sponsored by Fanta link Newgrounds turned to EUgrounds and they block all content so the whole site is unusable. link JK Rowling announces Harry Potter bisexual spinoff books Link Philo (television streaming service) now allows you to subscribe to a free trial via fax Link Timex has discovered the 25th hour Link Bon apetit's YouTube channel released a 30 minute ASMR video with all their hosts and announced shifting their content to food based ASMR from recipe videos to "pay the bills" link Wikipedia is always in on the joke but in a humble manner; on the front page, you can find funny links in the "did you know? " section. The Team Fortress Wiki mainpage is now a bootleg version of itself Link Good Mythical Morning reviewed some invisible stuff link Binging with Babish Andrew made jelly donuts from Pokemon link has introduced “Chegg excuses” where they email your professor and get you doctors notes Rivals of Aether is releasing a new game link RetailMeNot announced Dealchella, the first-ever music festival for couponers. Artists like Taylor Thrift, Lady BOGO and Dealmau5 are expected: link XKCD is doing Emojidome where users vote on emojis that have been pitted against each out in a bracket (March Madness style). link REI is now offering adventure excursions for pets link.

Lost in america free online. Eric looks so cute. Lost in america author. Lost in america documentary 2017. Lost in america gambling scene. Late bloomer here... never checked Alice out much till recently... missed so much epicness for so long. Lost in america the gathering field. I have made a post somewhat similar to this before but I've since collected a lot more information about these topics and so I believe warrants yet another post. Myth #1: Women weren't allowed to work. Most documentation from the past heavily implies that people attempted to avoid working as much as possible. Even so, many women did work (mostly because they had no choice but to) and there has never been a law restricting women from working. "Though creative research has produced evidence of women working at male-dominated occupations in the eighteenth century and before, there is undoubtedly more documentation out there, in newspapers, diaries, legal proceedings, and prints. What is more compelling is the lack of documentation that women were not allowed to work. Although religious practices and social norms might have restricted certain activities in some parts of the world, there were no laws prohibiting women from working a trade. " At the time, only members of a trade guild (associations of producers that trained craft people, maintained control over production, regulated competition and prices) were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within the city. Non-guild members were prohibited from selling competitive products. An aspiring master would have to pass through the career chain from apprentice to journeyman before they could be elected to become a master tradesman. They would then have to produce a sum of money and a masterpiece before they could actually join the guild. If the masterpiece was not accepted by the masters, they were not allowed to join the guild, possibly remaining a journeyman for the rest of their life. Women were not barred from any of the trade guilds in Britain at least as far back as the 1400s. Apprentice forms for guildwork had spaces left blank to insert 'he' or 'she', though girls who chose this traditional route to mastery of a trade (which was extremely long and arduous) were usually orphaned and had low prospects for marriage, thus they were going to need to work. Married women, though, had the privilege of circumventing the long, onerous, arduous process of trade certification as they could receive the master tradesman status from their husbands and thereby continue his work, even take on apprentices to train (which suggests that the social assumption was that wives would learn enough about their husband's business and trade to be able to at least continue to oversee it after he died). Lots of widows continued to run their husbands' businesses long after their death. The Worshipful Company of Blacksmiths in London lists sixty-five "brethren" and two "sistren" in its 1434 charter. A 1770 publication called The Tradesman's True Guide or a Universal Directory for the Towns of Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Walsal, Dudley and the manufacturing village in the neighborhood of Birmingham carried exhaustive lists of tradesmen and tradeswomen alphabetically by name and by trade, and there are women listed in every trade from butcher to wire drawer. Really, very little I've seen shows that women were maliciously "kept out" from trades or professions that they wanted to enter into. It may have been a social norm that most women did not seek out careers as they do now, but looking at the histories of the first women to enter into medicine, law, etc, show that they hardly faced any resistance in doing so. In 1847, Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to attend medical school in the US and was the first woman on the Medical Register of the General Medical Council. She sent applications for admission to twelve of the most promising institutions in the northern states, and her application was accepted by the medical department of Geneva University. Feminist revisionist history "explains" that she was only admitted to the college by the evil men as a joke, but as will be amply demonstrated this is the opposite of what actually happened. In fact, the student body sent her a letter to welcome her: At a meeting of the entire medical class of Geneva Medical College, held this day, October 20, 1847, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted:– Resolved – That one of the radical principles of a Republican Government is the universal education of both sexes; that to every branch of scientific education the door should be open equally to all; that the application of Elizabeth Blackwell to become a member of our class meets our entire approbation; and in extending our unanimous invitation we pledge ourselves that no conduct of ours shall cause her to regret her attendance at this institution. 2. Resolved – That a copy of these proceedings be signed by the chairman and transmitted to Elizabeth Blackwell. She describes this letter as one of her most valued possessions, and in her autobiography she states that the men of the college supported her 100% and beyond. "The behaviour of the medical class during the two years that I was with them was admirable. It was that of true Christian gentlemen. I learned later that some of them had been inclined to think my application for admission a hoax, perpetrated at their expense by a rival college. But when the bona-fide student actually appeared they gave her a manly welcome, and fulfilled to the letter the promise contained in their invitation. " She also notes that the general public also had a favourable view of a woman entering into medicine. "The admission of a woman for the first time to a complete medical education and full equality in the privileges and the responsibilities of the profession produced a widespread effect in America. The public press very generally recorded the event, and expressed a favourable opinion of it. Even in Europe some notice of it was taken, and 'Punch' showed his cordial appreciation by his amusing but friendly verses. " There are also other examples of women entering into "male" fields and encountering little resistance. There's the example of Arabella Mansfield, the first female lawyer in the United States. Although by Iowa law the bar exam was restricted to "males over 21, " Arabella Mansfield took the exam in 1869, passing it with high scores. Mansfield challenged the state law excluding her, and the Court ruled that women may not be denied the right to practice law in Iowa, admitting Mansfield to the bar. Or Ada Lovelace, who was encouraged in her mathematical ability from a young age by her parents and received the best of tutors to increase her ability. She worked with Charles Babbage on his Analytical Machine, though they both "fell into historical obscurity, and the Analytical Engine was unknown to builders of electro-mechanical and electronic computing machines in the 1930s and 1940s when they began their work, resulting in the need to re-invent many of the architectural innovations Babbage had proposed. " Or Amelia Earhart, who was flown "like a sack of potatoes" by pilot Wilmer Stultz across the Atlantic in her 1928 transatlantic flight, and immediately became a celebrity, wrote a book about the experience, was used to endorse products, and dubbed 'Lady Lindy'. There is a plaque that marks where the plane landed in Wales. All the fervour over it was solely because she was a woman who crossed the Atlantic regardless of the fact that she didn't do any flying at all in her 1928 flight (She did, however, go on to complete a transatlantic solo flight later on in 1932). Or, for a very long-ago example of this, Murasaki Shikibu from Japan around the year 1000, who listened at the door while her brother received lessons in Chinese writing and through that learned it herself. She was far from reviled for being a woman who knew Chinese and was commissioned by the Empress to write the Tale of Genji, a classic work of Japanese literature often called the world's first novel. Oh, the o p p r e s s i o n. Myth #2: Marriage was an institution created by men to oppress women. Men were disproportionately given privilege and power and women were treated like his property in marriage. Again this is a bastardisation of the past. Feminism has to stop treating men as the enemy and as the source of all women's (and also men's) problems. They need to realise that things weren't always as they are now, and realise that it was not Patriarchy or men that restricted the choices of both genders and forced them into strictly defined roles, but that these roles came about because it was the best way of arranging societies in the past - a past that was much harsher and more unforgiving than it is now. A past in which there was more work to do than there were hours in a day. A past where men spent most of their short lives working like mules to support themselves and their families and women spent most of their short lives incapacitated by childbirth and child-rearing. A past in which we sent children into coal mines that ruined their lungs and into factories which lost them limbs. Things sucked, and the reason it was bearable at all back then was because of the gender roles. Men were not the ones who relegated women to the domestic sphere or kept them dependent on men. Biology did. A woman at that time could not simply strike out on her own and do whatever she wanted. For most of history we had no reliable birth control, no safe abortion, no maternity leave, or social security, and most public sphere work back then involved hard labour. And if you were a woman back then who wanted to be able to have sex, then you would have had to plan your life around the idea that you would be getting pregnant, giving birth, and breastfeeding for most of your adult life - and that would have meant you could not be a reliable enough worker to support even yourself, let alone a child, and it would inherently have made you dependent on other people to help you. Until the last 100 years or so, most women could not have lived a life of children and public sphere work, independent of a man (and not all can today, realistically). Even with support, most women in poor and middle class families had to work because that was the only way to make enough money to live. So in a time when single motherhood was a one-way trip to the gutter, marriage was a practical arrangement. The function of marriage was not to oppress women, but to positively assign paternity inasmuch as possible, and then obligate the men so assigned to their children and the mothers of their children. For life. The taboo on sex outside of marriage (which was applied to men no less than women) made it difficult for an unscrupulous man to cheat the system. These rules surrounding marriage also mitigated the problem of paternity uncertainty, which maximised men's willingness to invest in their kids. "I know these are my kids, so I will work hard to feed and shelter them. " And the reason why we kept lifelong monogamous marriage for so long is because it increased the resources which would have been available to offspring, providing a healthier environment for children to grow up in. So when a man married a woman, he was legally obligated to feed, clothe and shelter her and any children produced in the marriage to the best of his ability. Unlike what feminists seem to think, he could not sell her. He could not return her for his money back. He could not drop her at the local midden heap. He could not destroy her the way he could his actual chattels. He could not trade her for a better one. He could not legally neglect her. Just to make things crystal clear, here is a summary list of entitlements that women enjoyed in marriage (and after marriage) during the old "patriarchal" system of the past. When a woman married, she had to hand over her property to her husband's care (again, NOT because she herself was property, but because he was administrator of the family), but he OWED her not just a living, but the best living he was financially capable of providing for her. A wife was entitled to be maintained by her husband. Though women did not have the right to enter into contracts in their own name in marriage, women had the privilege of the Law of Agency, giving them the legal right to purchase goods on their husbands' credit as their agent. If the wife racked up debts that the husband couldn't pay, she was immune from liability for the debts she racked up - that liability fell to the husband instead. Women had the entitlement of being protected from prosecution for any number of crimes if they could prove their husbands were aware of said crimes. In which case, he would be prosecuted in her stead--not just held AS responsible as she was, but held solely responsible for her actions. This allowed married women to displace accountability for a large number of offences onto their husbands. "She's out of control and does what she wants, regardless of my wishes, " was not a valid legal defence for those men. Women were exempt from paying taxes, and there was an entire female underground economy of barter and trade that was not subject to taxation or government interference. Even when married women gained the right to hold property within marriage, it was their husbands who were responsible for the taxes owing on it, and it was their husbands who were held 100% financially liable for providing all necessaries to the family, including the wife, even if she made more money than he did. After divorce, men were held fully financially responsible under the law for the ex-wife and kids. Divorced women were entitled to be supported by their ex-husbands to a level commensurate with the husband's for potentially the rest of their lives unless she remarried. That doesn't sound at all like women were treated like property to me. I'm sorry, but if I have property, I have no legal duty of care toward the actual property I own, nor any obligation to commit to own it until death. I can smash my property on the ground and treat it however I want and it would be my right to do so. Men could not do any of that to the women they were married to. They had obligations towards them to provide for them - even after divorce, and to protect them - even from the consequences of their own actions. Wives had no such obligation towards their husbands - they were entitled to be the ones who were supported. Because the purpose of marriage in the past was not to oppress women and make them the property of men, but to ensure that women and their children could be provided for and protected, and to place the responsibility for that provision and protection on the man even at cost to his own wellbeing, health, and even life. This has been the case since time immemorial. "Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her. " Ephesians 5. In fact, many of the supposed "privileges" men had in marriage in the past were to help them carry out their obligations and to prevent them from becoming wholly onerous. If a man had an obligation to be accountable for provision for his wife and children and to maintain family finances, it stood to reason that he also should have the entitlement of having control over any assets of his marriage, including those his wife brought into the marriage, because he was the one who had a responsibility to keep the entire family afloat and to increase their holdings. If a man was responsible for the protection of his wife and children to the point where he could be legally required to stand between his wife and the law within numerous contexts, and be punished in her stead (whether she contracted debts he couldn't pay or committed a crime he would have to answer for), it makes sense why he would be considered head of household and why his family would need to obey him as well as abide by the restrictions he placed on them. If, upon divorce, a man would be held solely responsible for the maintenance of his wife and child, it makes sense why he would get custody of the child that he was supporting, as well as ownership of assets so he could satisfy that obligation. We gave men these rights and privileges because they were the tools that he needed to satisfy his responsibilities. And in that way there was a balance. "Women "got less" because their obligations and accountability were less, their responsibility was less. Men "got more" because the buck stopped with them, whether that buck consisted of a sack of coins or his blood. " Myth #3: Men were allowed to beat their wives with impunity. In the past men were allowed to use "mild correction" on their wives under the law (as he was socially and legally responsible for the actions of his wife to the extent that he could even be held accountable for the crimes and offences she committed), but he could not beat her black and blue. Men had restrictions on what corporal punishment they could use on their wives. In Colonial America, when men went beyond what was legally acceptable, they received punishment through the pillory. “The pillory was employed for treason, sedition, arson, blasphemy, witchcraft, perjury, wife beating, cheating, forgery, coin clipping, dice cogging, slandering, conjuring, fortune-telling, and drunkenness, among other offences. On several occasions, onlookers pelted the pilloried prisoner so enthusiastically with heavy missiles that death resulted. ” The whipping post also was a favourite form of punishment for wife-beating. Many examples of vigilante justice, sometimes lethal, enacted against wifebeaters can be found in newspaper clippings from the 1800s and onward, with the full endorsement of society. We can assume that this was practiced in Europe as well. Likewise, Americans practiced shivaree and Europeans practiced charivari as a way to enable social censure of wife-beaters. Charivari was a historical folk custom expressing public disapproval of personal behaviour, where a mock parade was staged through a community accompanied by a discordant mock serenade. Sometimes the crowd would carry an effigy of the targeted man to a substitute punishment, e. g. burning. Sometimes the man who physically abused his wife would be abused by the community. They would chant: Old Abram Higback has been paying his good woman; But he neither paid her for what or for why, But he up with his fist and blacked her eye. Now all ye old women, and old women kind, Get together, and be in a mind; Collar him, and take him to the shit-house, And shove him over head. Now if that does not mend his manners, The skin of his arse must go to the tanners; And if that does not mend his manners, Take him and hang him on a nail in Hell. And if the nail happens to crack, Down with your flaps, and at him piss. However, if a husband was beaten by his wife - the husband, in contrast, was also the subject of the charivari for essentially allowing it to happen. In France about 1400, husbands beaten by their wives were “paraded on an ass, face to tail. ”  In England, a mural in Montacute House (constructed about 1598) shows a wife beating her husband with a shoe and then a crowd parading the husband on a cowlstaff.  Samuel Pepys recorded in his diary, 10 June 1667: “in the afternoon took boat and down to Greenwich, where I find the stairs full of people, there being a great riding there to-day for a man, the constable of the town, whose wife beat him. ” A Frenchman who traveled in England reported in 1698: "I have sometimes met in the streets of London a woman carrying a figure of straw representing a man, crown’d with very ample horns, preceded by a drum, and followed by a mob, making a most grating noise with tongs, grid-irons, frying-pans, and sauce-pans. I asked what was the meaning of all this; they told me that a woman had given her husband a sound beating, for accusing her of making him a cuckold, and that upon such occasions some kind neighbour of the poor innocent injur’d creature generally performed this ceremony. " Hmmm. So while a man could give his wife mild correction under the law, if he went too far with wife-beating the community would frown down upon him and punish him with the pillory, whippings and charivari. THERE WAS NO SUCH EXTREME SOCIAL OR LEGAL CENSURE FOR A WIFE WHO BEAT HER HUSBAND. IF SHE BEAT HIM, HE WAS THE ONE WHO WAS PUNISHED. Myth #4: Husbands were owed sex with their wives. Marital rape was not illegal, and marriage as an institution was based around rape of women. The idea at the time was that there could not be such a thing as marital rape because as a married person you are owed sex from your spouse, i. e. conjugal rights. This applied to both men and women. People who believe that conjugal rights "allowed husbands to rape wives" and not the other way around haven't actually done any research. It was based on the idea that both parties had a right to sex in the relationship, and this was exercisable in law by each partner in a marriage. The Bible said: " It is good for a man not to touch a woman. 2  Nevertheless, because of sexual immorality, let each man have his own wife, and let each woman have her own husband. 3  Let the husband render to his wife the affection due her, and likewise also the wife to her husband. 4  The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does. And likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does. 5  Do not deprive one another except with consent for a time, that you may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; and come together again so that Satan does not tempt you because of your lack of self-control. " Do note the specific passage where it says "The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does. " And here's a quote from an article detailing the history of sex and marriage. "A hundred years ago or so, if you took the statute books literally, the only people entitled to have sex with each other were people who were legally married. All other sex was against the law. Fornication (sex with unmarried people) was illegal; so was adultery (sex with a married person—but not the person you yourself were married to). Cohabitation—living with someone in a sexual relationship—was against the law, except for people who were legally married. Enforcement was, shall we say, something less than perfect. At times, it was almost nonexistent. And the rules were riddled with exceptions. Sodomy, on the other hand, was quite a serious crime; and the full weight of the law sometimes came down heavily on people who had gay or lesbian sex. " "Married people were not only entitled to have sex; they were, in a way, required to have sex. Of course, nobody checked on whether John and Mary were having sex every night, or once a week, or once a month, or never. But if either John or Mary did not perform at all, for whatever reason, the frustrated partner had grounds for divorce; or even perhaps an annulment. Husbands faced divorce if they were impotent and unable to consummate the marriage, though charges were usually made years after the wedding day. There was a similar charge of frigidity for wives, but it seems that wives charging their husbands for impotency was far more common. Husbands had to show an erection to a court audience and sometimes attempt to perform sex with their wives as well. Source 1 Source 2 Being incapable of performing sex for your wife could merit corporal punishment. One medieval husband wrote about his unhappy marriage and his impotence in a book called The Lamentations of Little Matheus. "My wife wants it, but I can’t. She petitions for her right. I say no. I just can’t pay. " "Even given his sexual incapacity, Matheolus was subject to corporal punishment: "Acting as her own advocate, Petra {Matheolus’s wife} puts forward the law that if a shriveled purse {scrotum} can’t pay because it’s empty, under statute recompense for that injury is corporal punishment. " So what does this show? It shows that both parties had an obligation to provide the other partner with sex during the marriage, and could not deprive their spouse of it. If it was an issue, it was not an issue that solely affected women. Myth #5: "Men had the vote and women did not. Women's suffrage was a matter of women as a united group fighting for their rights against the evil men that kept it from them. Suffragettes were champions of equality who got women the vote. Etc, etc. " Really, I'm very tired of hearing this one. In Britain, the right to vote was not only restricted by gender, but also by class. Property owners had the vote, the vast majority of men did not. In 1830, just 3% of the population had the right to vote. During this time, there were a few groups who were fighting for the vote to be extended to them, and one of these groups were the Chartists, who were active from 1830 to 1868. They were fighting for broad electoral reforms including: a vote for all men (over 21) the secret ballot no property qualification to become an MP payment for MPs electoral districts of equal size annual elections for Parliament. They presented three huge demonstrations to Parliament, and their requests were denied every time. The restrictions were relaxed but not abolished. Benjamin Disraeli said when introducing the Second Reform Act of 1867: "We do not live – and I trust it will never be the fate of this country to live – under a democracy. The propositions which I am going to make tonight certainly have no tendency in that direction. " There were also the suffragists and the suffragettes, who were fighting for the vote to be extended to women. Suffragists emerged in the mid-19th century and believed in peaceful, constitutional campaign methods. In the early 20th century, after the suffragists failed to make significant progress, a new generation of activists emerged. These women became known as the suffragettes, and they were willing to take direct, militant action for the cause. However, a huge amount of women disagreed with women's suffrage. So many women objected to the franchise being imposed on them that in the mere 18 months leading up to a 1910 parliamentary debate on women's suffrage, anti-suffragettes had managed to collect 300, 000 signatures from women who objected to the franchise being imposed on them. Meanwhile, in the 16 years leading up to that debate, suffragettes only managed to collect 193, 000 signatures of women who wanted the vote. A segment from the transcript of the debate: "Still, for what it is worth, one finds that from 1890–1906 only 193, 000 women signed Petitions to this House in favour of female suffrage, and that during the last eighteen months, a period in which a strong anti-suffrage association has been in existence, 300, 000 women, some of them eminent women, have signed petitions against it, and to the effect that these proposals shall not be forced upon them. " And... "A rather interesting illustration was furnished by an inquiry which was instituted by "The Sheffield Independent, " a newspaper which I think itself is sympathetic with these proposals. This inquiry was addressed to the women householders of Sheffield. Twenty-three thousand papers were sent out, and of the replies 9, 000 were in favour of woman suffrage and 14, 000 were against it. The representatives of this paper reported that in many cases their emissaries were chased with violence from the houses by the female inhabitants under the impression that they were collecting statistical matter as the emissaries of the suffragist party. " It may be difficult to understand why so many women would reject the vote so vehemently, but this was an era where full citizenship rights like the right to vote were granted only to those with citizenship responsibilities like conscription (and sometimes not even then). In that historical context, the vote was actually viewed not just as a right, but also an obligation. So it was never really about men in power shutting women out of the franchise. It was about government having to decide whether to impose a responsibility on women that women as a whole clearly did not want. Regardless of the lack of support for women's suffrage among women, suffragettes became extremely militant in their activism. In 1903 Emmeline Pankhurst founded the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) with her daughters Christabel and Sylvia, and the WSPU carried out a nationwide bombing and arson campaign. Between 1912 and 1915, hundreds of bombs were left on trains, in theatres, post offices, churches, even outside the Bank of England; while arson attacks on timber yards, railway stations and private houses inflicted an untold amount of damage. Instead of being beneficial in supporting the vote for women, it was disastrous. Lloyd George said: "The action of the militants is ruinous. The feeling amongst the sympathisers of the cause in the House is one of panic. I am frankly not very hopeful of success if these tactics are persisted in. " Terrorism aside, Emmeline Pankhurst was also resistant to acquiring the vote for working class men, realising that this would be much tougher than winning the vote for "respectable" AKA upper-class women, and underlying the resistance appears to have been her contempt for working-class men. According to Sean Lang in his book on Parliamentary reform: "The Pankhursts became stridently anti-male, ruthlessly dropping even the most loyal of their male supporters from the WSPU, and claiming, as Christabel did in her 1913 book  The Great Scourge, that men were “little more than carriers of venereal disease”. " When WW1 came around in 1914, suffragettes also threw their support behind the White Feather campaign with the aim of shaming men into enlisting. Those young women went in for the kill, striking men at the very heart of their masculine identities, the bestowing of a feather telling them, "If you don't go off to be maimed or die, you are no longer a man in the eyes of some brassy chit you've never even met before and will probably never see again. " And many men went, because a woman's censure - ANY woman's censure - had the power to drive them straight into the teeth of death. By mid 1915, it was clear that not enough men were signing up to replace the fatalities on the front line, and the Military Service Act was introduced in January 1916. By March 1916 compulsory conscription for all single men aged 18-41 was in place. In May 1916, the Act was extended to include conscription for married men. It was only at that point that the British government considered extending the vote to all men, as most of the propertyless, working class men that were conscripted into war during WW1 did not have the right to vote, and this was finally starting to be seen as the injustice that it was. In the trenches class divisions were eroded to the extent that class no longer had any real meaning and every man was the equal of each other in terms of sacrifice and service to one's country. Men got universal suffrage in 1918 with the Representation of the People Act, which enfranchised more than five million men over the age of 21 without regard to property or class. Women of all classes were piggybacked onto the Act, with an age restriction temporarily in place to prevent women from becoming a supermajority voting bloc, given that about 1 million British men had died in the war. Regardless, this brought more than eight million women over 30 into the electorate. And just ten years later, the 1928 Act (the act which gave women electoral equality) gave the vote to women at age 21, which added another five million women to the electorate. Introducing the 1918 Bill, the Home Secretary George Cave said: "War by all classes of our countrymen has brought us nearer together, has opened men's eyes, and removed misunderstandings on all sides. It has made it, I think, impossible that ever again, at all events in the lifetime of the present generation, there should be a revival of the old class feeling which was responsible for so much, and, among other things, for the exclusion for a period, of so many of our population from the class of electors. I think I need say no more to justify this extension of the franchise. " The Act was achieved not by the suffragettes’ terrorist tactics, but by fighting of men in WW1, when thousands of men from their many different backgrounds came together to fight the common enemy. This finally achieved what the Chartists, the Levellers and the peasants before them had struggled for in terms of eroding barriers of class. Without the sacrifice of men who endured the horror of trench warfare in WW1, class barriers would have persisted and at most the vote would have been extended only to elite, wealthy, propertied women. In a later study of attitudes to conscription in 1939, one woman responded: "In the last war [(WW1)] I never told one man that he ought to go. I tried to put myself in their place. If I’d been them I wouldn’t have gone. When I saw them going through the streets – all the young men – I used to think that they were being driven like cattle to the slaughter house. And they were, weren’t they? Fodder for the guns. " The common idea that all men had the vote, and that women did not, and that women's suffrage was a fight of women who were united against men working as an oppressive force to keep them down is an affront to these men who died in a literal war that secured universal suffrage for everyone (many of which, in fact, did not have the vote). It also ignores and erases the will and sentiment of many, many,  many  anti-suffragette women who actively rejected the vote and protested vehemently against it being imposed on them. Furthermore, the view that suffragettes were a valiant, fair-minded, equality-oriented group who got women the vote and whose activism merely amounted to firecrackers in barrels is an affront to any right-thinking person. The real violence and extremism of the suffragettes is barely, if at all, recognised by the general public, and this is partly due to attempts by suffragettes to sanitise their history. "Laura E. Nym Mayhall, in her work on the militant suffrage movement, identified the importance of "a small group of former suffragettes" in the 1920s and 1930s, who created a highly stylised story of the WSPU and the history of suffrage in England, which emphasised "women’s martyrdom and passivity". The group set about compiling the documents, memoirs and memorabilia that now form the basis of the Suffragette Fellowship Collection held by the Museum of London. " And here we are now, in crazy world. According to the dominant narrative, all men always had the vote since the dawn of recorded human history, and they refused to give it to women because penis. The demonstrations of the Chartists, and the dead bodies of these men that were sacrificed to the unpopular idea of male suffrage (and who got votes for women in the process), have gone down the memory hole. The terroristic actions of the suffragettes, engaged in for the benefit of wealthy and privileged women only and for which they were barely punished, are the noblest of acts for the noblest of causes. And of course, the only reason anyone could EVER have opposed them was because of misogyny. edit: wording edit 2: Added some extracts from w1g2's comment.

Lost in america alice cooper. "A member of the Royal Saudi Air Force opened fire with a handgun early Friday in a classroom building at the Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Fla., where he was training to become a pilot, killing three people in what some elected officials called an act of gunman, a Saudi national identified by a United States military official as Second Lt. Mohammed Saeed Alshamrani, was killed by a sheriff’s deputy. " "Israeli foreign minister, Israel Katz, called on Thursday for a Western-Arab alliance headed by the US against Iran, in order to curb its missile development and “aggression”.. call came following a letter sent by France, Germany and the UK to UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, warning that “Iran’s developments of nuclear-capable ballistic missiles” violates a UN Security Council resolution endorsing the 2015 Iran nuclear deal. " "The Trump administration has made it clear that it prefers Netanyahu over his primary rival Benny Gantz. Ganz on his part has made it clear he opposes the deal being tanyahu noted that Ganz and his party were opposed to the deal but said:“We will do it with full cooperation with the IDF and security forces and ensure total freedom of action for the US and the IDF. ” Relevant officials in Israel and the US have reviewed a draft of the agreement, which was originally proposed by the Jewish Institute for National Security of tanyahu is actually claiming that the deal shows he needs to stay in power because of his unique ties to the US. Details of the pact have not been released beyond the fact that it will commit the US to war to defend Israel. " "Turkey appointed governors for both towns for coordination purposes, Abdullah Erin, the governor of Turkey’s southeastern Şanlıurfa province, said on Thursday, after visiting both towns and meeting Turkish military and intelligence officials as well as the commanders of pro-Turkey Syrian militia plans to establish a 32 km deep safe zone along a 120 km stretch of the Turkish-Syrian border between Ras al Ayn and Tel Abyad, after the withdrawal of the Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) from the region as a result of a Turkish-Russian deal agreed in October to halt the Turkish offensive... Turkish armed forces will start training some 1, 800 Syrian men within a week, with more to follow later to bring the total number to about 4, 000, to be appointed as rural and urban police officers in the two towns, according to Erin. " "Back in March, Anthony Comello allegedly killed reputed Gambino crime boss Francesco Cali, effectively pulling off one of the highest-profile mob killings in mello was apparently obsessed with conspiracy theories, telling his lawyer that he murdered Cali outside his Staten Island home based on the belief that the mob boss was part of “the deep state, ” an underground anti-Trump liberal, the New York Times reported, Comello’s lawyer, Robert C. Gottlieb, is in the process of mounting an insanity defense hinging on Comello’s delusional faith in far-right conspiracy argument poses an interesting question, one that is in many ways a unique product of the conspiracy theory renaissance that’s erupted in the social media era: At what point does belief in conspiracy theories constitute legal insanity? " "From the perspective of the global capitalist class, Obrador is indeed a much bigger threat than Bolsonaro. Bolsonaro's agenda of neoliberal hyper-capitalism made plutocrats around the world celebrate his election, while the presence of the anti-neoliberal Obrador has rattledmarkets. In March, Obrador declared that "The neoliberal model and its economic policy of pillage and handouts are abolished" in Mexico, starting on a 2019-through-2024 plan to undo the country's privatization and redistribute wealth. Since Obrador has given Asylum to Evo Morales and said that Morales is the victim of a coup, the U. S. has gained further interest in advancing regime change in Mexico. " "The amount of active Dash wallets on Android devices in Venezuela has been exploding in 2019. This is clearly in response to the current economic crisis affecting the nation, with Dash being an attractive alternative to the Venezuelan Bolivar, the Petro, or even trend was first brought up by Twitter user Mark Mason (@StayDashy), who wanted to be clear that this statistic refers to active wallets – used at least once in the last 30 days – not just total downloads. This is an important distinction because it implies people are actually using Dash, not just curious about it. " "Bolivia’s interim government wants Israel to help local authorities fight “terrorism” in the South American country, the interior minister told Reuters on Friday, alleging plots by Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro and other leftists to destabilize regional governments. " "“Hezbollah in the minds of our people is a resistance that has liberated the land, represents the people in a right way, serves their interests and serve their future as well. ”... “We consider that the US is leading the terror in the world. If they (US) designate us as terrorists this doesn’t mean that they are right, ” Sheikh Qassem said. " OldieButtGoodie "YouTube has changed its secretive search algorithms in response to the spread of conspiracy theory videos about the mass shooting in Las home-video behemoth came under fire in the wake of the shooting, when several unsubstantiated claims made their way into the top new results about the massacre. Videos such as "Proof Las Vegas Shooting Was a FALSE FLAG attack—Shooter on 4th Floor" made it into the “Top News” section on Tuesday, just two days after the shooting occured, according to the Wall St Journal. " OldieButtGoodie "Anti-vaxxers have been banned from raising money on GoFundMe in an attempt to stop the spread of conspiracy theories and misinformation... GoFundMe spokesman Bobby Whithorne said: “Campaigns raising money to promote misinformation about vaccines violate GoFundMe’s terms of service and will be removed from the platform. " "Sir Richard wrote in the Mail on Sunday that the Labour leader would pose a "present danger to our country" if he became a Labour source told the Mirror: "As head of MI6 was involved in the infamous dodgy dossier that helped take us into the illegal Iraq War... "He has no credibility whatsoever on the subject of security. " "Getting its world premiere at documentary festival IDFA in Amsterdam, Tonje Hessen Schei’s gripping AI doc “iHuman” drew an audience of more than 700 to a 10 a. m. Sunday screening at the incongruously old-school Pathé Tuschinski cinema. Many had their curiosity piqued by the film’s timely subject matter—the erosion of privacy in the age of new media, and the terrifying leaps being made in the field of machine intelligence—but it’s fair to say that quite a few were drawn by the promise of a Skype Q&A with National Security Agency whistleblower Edward Snowden, who made headlines in 2013 by leaking confidential U. intelligence to the U. K. ’s Guardian newspaper. " "The authors state that Comey was guilty of having done "nothing to warn the American public of the FBI’s deep concerns regarding possible illicit dealings between the government of the Russian Federation and the campaign of the Republican nominee for president of the United States, ” adding: “In fact, the FBI went out of its way to do the opposite. ”mpson and Fritsch conclude: “It really did feel like a conspiracy, with a hidden hand guiding Trump into the presidency. ”" "Scotland Yard says it is helping the FBI investigate sex-trafficking allegations against Prince Andrew's paedophile friend Jeffrey Epstein and his network of the first time, the Met Police has admitted the force has 'liaised' with US law enforcement probing Epstein's alleged trafficking of women around the world in order to be of the specific allegations levelled at the billionaire financier is that he arranged for a 17-year-old Virginia Roberts - now known as Giuffre - to be taken to London in 2001, where she had sex with Prince Andrew. " "Keeley, widely reported to be a British soldier who infiltrated the IRA using the pseudonym Kevin Fulton, referred to the hijacking in his book 'Unsung Hero'.. claimed the heist was organised to help him gain credibility within the paramilitary court today counsel for Mr Quinn, Stephen Toal, indicated a dispute over Keeley's status as an agent when the hijacking was carried revealed an intention to seek an affidavit from the ex-spy about whether he is prepared to stand over the contents of his memoirs. " "A group of elite Russian military intelligence officers, including some of those who planned the poisoning of a defector in Britain, have been operating out of picturesque villages in the French Alps, Western intelligence officials tell NBC nfirming a report in France's Le Monde dailythat could have been ripped from the pages of a John le Carré spy novel, the officials said European and American intelligence agencies had been tracking up to 15 members of the Russian military intelligence agency known as the GRU who had lived for a time in France. Le Monde published what it said were the names of the officers, some of which had already been published by Bellingcat, an open source investigative group. " "Canada's foreign signals intelligence agency is on the lookout for threats to Britain's election as the country heads into the final week of mmunications Security Establishment spokesperson Evan Koronewski said the agency regularly shares information with its international allies "that has a significant impact on protecting our respective countries' safety and security. "... "Regarding assistance to the U. election, CSE has a strong and valuable relationship with its Five Eyes alliance partners, including our intelligence and cyber defence counterparts in the United Kingdom, " said Koronewski in an email to CBC. The Five Eyes intelligence-sharing alliance includes Canada, the U. K., the U. S., New Zealand and Australia... "While we can't offer specific details on the intelligence shared, we can tell you that threat information to help defend against cyber threats directed at democratic processes is regularly shared and acted upon. "" "On December 30, 2009, al-Qaida scored perhaps its greatest success ever against the Central Intelligence Agency and its Jordanian partner service. A triple agent blew himself up at Forward Operating Base Chapman — a U. military base in Khost, Afghanistan — killing seven CIA officers and one Jordanian officer. It was the second-worst day in terms of casualties in the agency’s history, exceeded only by the attack on the U. embassy in Beirut in 1983. There is still unfinished business from Khost. " "Hans-Georg Maassen, who headed the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Germany’s domestic secret service, from 2012 to 2018, has published an article in the right-wing Swiss magazine Die Weltwoche that can only be described as a fascist manifesto. Die Weltwoche is the unofficial house organ of the right-wing populist and anti-immigrant Swiss People’s Party. Roger Köppel, who has headed the newspaper since 2001, is a deputy in the Swiss parliament for the People’s a piece entitled “Germany needs a change of course, ” Maassen warns that “Germany’s future and the stability of our democracy” is under threat from “socialism. ” Thirty years ago, the West German elites “underestimated the dangers of socialist ideology, ” he writes. “In the euphoria of unification, they assumed that socialism was defeated and the opponent was giving up their weapons. It was, in my view, a naive opinion for which there was no justification. ”assen justifies his warning with a list of ten points which sound as though they had been lifted directly from the programme of the right-wing extremist Alternative for Germany (AfD). " "Simon Cornwall, who set up the probation service’s central extremism unit, said that as a result of “a dumbing down of how things are done”, the current approach was missing the safeguarding and human relationships required to modify behaviour and reduce intervention follows the attack at London Bridge by convicted terrorist Usman Khan, who was out on licence from prison when he killed Jack Merritt, 25, and Saskia Jones, 23, and injured three others during a meeting of the Cambridge University rehabilitation initiative Learning Together on 29 November. " "Federal workers in the US seem set to be given 12 weeks of paid parental leave – in return for Donald Trump being given his cherished space agreement is not finalized and comes after extensive behind-the-scenes battling on the annual defense potential deal was first reported by the Wall Street Journal. " "One of the leading co-sponsors of an amendment to the 2020 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) that would end US support for Saudi Arabia’s war on Yemen appears to be withdrawing his Adam Smith (D-WA) spoke at an American Enterprise Institute event on Thursday. When Smith took a question about his efforts to end US support for the war, he said, "There is nothing we are going to pass in Congress that’s going to stop the war in Yemen. " Smith said Iran’s involvement in the war cannot be ignored and that he does not want to "cut off Saudi Arabia’s and UAE’s ability to deal with Iran. "" "BPA is used in many plastic products, including food and drink containers, and animal studies have shown that it can interfere with hormones. Exposure to BPA in the womb has been linked to growth, metabolism, behavior and fertility problems, as well an increased risk of U. S. Food and Drug Administration, however, contends human exposure to BPA is at very low, and therefore, safe new method developed by researchers and outlined in their study suggests that the measurements used by the FDA and other regulatory agencies underestimate BPA exposure by as much as 44 times. " "The current hearing will examine allegations that US troops and intelligence operatives tortured, raped and abused Afghan prisoners between 2003 and 2004. In December 2014 the US Senate released a 480-page summary of a previously classified 6, 000-page report detailing how dozens of innocent individuals were wrongfully detained by the military and CIA due to mistaken identity and faulty intelligence, how these and other detainees were subjected to horrific and even deadly torture and abuse, and how the brutality and scope of the program were hidden from the Justice Department and even high-ranking members of the Bush administration, including President George W. 2006, at least 100 prisoners had died in US custody in Afghanistan and Iraq, most of them violently, according to government data. The most well-publicized detainee death happened at the notorious “Salt Pit, ” a CIA black site, or secret prison, in Afghanistan, where Gul Rahman died of hypothermia after being severely beaten, stripped naked and chained to a wall in near-freezing temperatures. Abuse of prisoners, who were often kidnapped from third countries in a practice known as extraordinary rendition, was rampant at black sites around the world, including Detention Center Green in Thailand, which current CIA Director Gina Haspel ran in late 2002. " "Samoan authorities have arrested a prominent anti-vaccination activist amid an outbreak that has killed at least 63 people, most of them Tamasese has been charged with "incitement against a government order, " according to the BBC. " "It’s a headline that should, by all appearances, be considered “good news. ” But somehow the November 18 declaration, “VA announces plans to study military toxic exposures, connections to veteran illnesses, ” just comes off as an Onion-esque ’s because the Veterans Affairs Department has been vowing to “study” the effects of the ubiquitous “burn pits” on soldiers for more than a decade—so has the Pentagon. In fact, there have been tons of studies already, big and small, in both the public and private sectors. But like everything in Washington, launching one more study or task force allows the bureaucracy to stall real action—in this case, practical help for thousands of men and women who say they’re suffering from war-related illnesses. " "The most recent news on this front is that BMW Group joined the “Getting to Zero Coalition” ahead of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 25) in Madrid, Spain. The objective is decarbonization of international maritime shipping. Driving zero emissions is one thing, but buying from a company that offsets carbon emissions in the production and transport of its EVs is also essential for the actual transition towards successful planetary sustainably. " "The U. military believes that an unarmed American drone reported lost near Libya’s capital last month was in fact shot down by Russian air defenses and it is demanding the return of the aircraft’s wreckage, U. Africa Command says... "Such a shootdown would underscore Moscow’s increasingly muscular role in the energy-rich nation, where Russian mercenaries are reportedly intervening on behalf of east Libya-based commander Khalifa Haftar in Libya’s civil war. " "Iran is crying foul after Israeli's Defense Ministry confirmed a major test of a mystery new "rocket propulsion system" on Friday morning... “The defense establishment conducted a launch test a few minutes ago of a rocket propulsion system from a base in the center of the country, ” the ministry said. “The test was scheduled in advance and was carried out as planned. ”.. no further details, international reports were rife with speculation over the nature of the rocket, with many saying it was a nuclear-capable ballistic missile. This was enough for Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif to go off, saying in a statement posted to Titter: “Israel today tested a nuke-missile, aimed at Iran. ”" "Last month we showed that as Trade Wars began in April, the world’s central banks and other official institutions dumped more Treasuries than in any month since January 2016, some $48. 3BN, perhaps over concerns of others selling first, and precipitating a sharp move higher in forward one month later to May, when according to the latest just released Treasury International Capital (TIC) update, in May the selling of Treasurys by official entities continued, with another $24BN sold in the month of May, when yields continued to rise and eventually hit the 2018 highs of 3. 11%. " The Saudi student who fatally shot three people at a U. naval base in Florida hosted a dinner party earlier in the week where he and three others watched videos of mass shootings, a U. official told The Associated Press on Saturday. " "Al Qaeda actually translates as "the base" but it is not known whether Norman's Spear's took inspiration from the Islamic fundamentalists when he chose the name for his extremist yet, they haven't committed any recorded terrorist attacks, but federal authorities accused one member Richard Tobin of organizing the vandalism of two synagogues earlier this allegedly recruited vandals via The Base using the network as a way to organize the attacks in Michigan and Wisconsin. " "President Trump said Friday that he would temporarily hold off on designating Mexican drug cartels as terrorist organizations, saying he was doing so at the request of the president of Mexico, Andrés Manuel López Obrador... “All necessary work has been completed to declare Mexican Cartels terrorist organizations, ” Mr. Trump wrote on Twitter. “Statutorily we are ready to do so. ”ever, at the request of Mr. López Obrador, “a man who I like and respect, and has worked so well with us, ” Mr. Trump wrote, he was temporarily holding off on the designation and stepping up “joint efforts to deal decisively with these vicious and ever-growing organizations! ”" "Syria paying the biggest price will refuse to cooperate with the newly formed OPCW team which did not get proper approval from member states of the international organization itself, the Syrian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Dr. Faisal al-Mekdad told Kamal Khalaf of Al-Mayadeen in this interview. ".

Lost in america 22. Lost in america song. Lost in america trailer. Its 2019 & I'm looking up this gem to share on Facebook for the 4th of July! 🤘🏻😉❤🇺🇸🧨 Raise Your Fist And Yell. I'm watching now all Beavis and Butthead seasons, you know, just to get coolest music like Alice Cooper. My pain, your thrillI wanna love you but I better not touch (don't touch.

Lost in america youtube. 2:35 best part of the video. lmao. Lost in. I start singing this song every time someone tells me 2 shut up. Lost in america movie clips.

Hey everyone! I feel like the trip reports I read before going to Japan were really helpful, so I thought I'd post my trip report too. I tried to go into detail about the different things we did, but please comment if you have any questions! Trip Album General advice: I would highly recommend ordering a Suica card beforehand, or downloading the Suica app on your phone. This way you can use it on the train when you get off the plane, instead of having to find an ATM to withdraw cash to purchase a ticket. I was able to order a Suica card at the same time that I ordered my Japan Rail Pass Internet was incredibly helpful, both with directions and looking up information about attractions. I have Sprint which has free LTE in Japan, and I had full bars almost everywhere (including small cities, mountains, hiking trails, etc) Use Japan Official Travel App (not Google maps), especially outside of Tokyo Japanese isn’t needed, pointing and hand symbols (numbers for example) are enough. It would’ve been more useful to be able to read Japanese since some menus (especially at food stands) weren’t in English Credit cards were accepted in about half the places I would go to. They aren’t accepted in some places I would expect (chain cafes in cities), so make sure you have cash 7/11 wasn’t as common as I thought, it’s good to get cash out when you see one Suica worked on almost all public transportation. A couple didn’t take it, but it was usually pretty clear beforehand and there was an office you could buy tickets nearby Bathrooms are everywhere, but they often don’t have soap and/or towels. Hand sanitizer was really helpful here Trash cans are nowhere. It was a little more bearable though because you’re supposed to eat next to the place where you bought your food, so you can hand your food trash to them after you finish 1/17 (Tokyo, Ginza) (+) Sushi Dai (+) Tsukiji market Grapefruit juice, matcha ice cream Daifuku (red bean paste with strawberries) A Happy Pancake Ginza Kabukiza Theatre Ueno park Tokyo National Museum Department store takoyaki (+) Ramen Mutekiya We got in the night before, and in the morning we woke up early to go to Sushi Dai. The sushi was amazing, definitely recommend. Be aware of the wait - we got there at 6:30am and ended up eating around 8am. The wait was inside though, so it wasn’t as bad as I thought it’d be. Something to note - there’s not much for tourists in the Toyosu market so you’ll probably just go to the restaurant and leave. Next we went to Tsukiji market, which was really cool to walk around and see the different things people are selling. There was one street that was much more populated than the others with prepared food and drinks. Next we had lunch at A Happy Pancake Ginza. These pancakes were much more fluffy than American pancakes, and they were delicious. We walked over to Kabukiza Theatre, which was a really interesting and unique cultural experience. We didn’t realize there were English translations we could buy until halfway through the show, I feel like those would’ve made it more enjoyable. After the show we walked to Tokyo station to get our JR Pass and book our reservations. The Japan Official Travel App was really useful here because we were able to star the route for the reservations that we booked. We messed up initially by booking reservations from the departing station to the last station on the route and had to redo most of our reservations to only book to our arrival station. We took the train to Ueno and walked briefly through Ueno park to get to the Tokyo National Museum. It was mostly pottery and other art artifacts which were interesting to look at, but it felt like a pretty typical museum. Finally we went to Ikebukuro to get ramen at Mutekiya. We got a takoyaki snack at a department store underneath the station. This was another long wait, about an hour, and this time it was outside. The ramen was worth it though, the pork and broth in particular were incredible. 1/18 (Yudanaka) Cookie and granola Imperial East Gardens Salmon sashimi, strawberry banana crepe Train to Yudanaka Check in at ryokan Vegetarian wrap (+) Snow monkeys (+) Dinner at ryokan (plum wine, sashimi, hot pot) (+) Onsen Our ryokan was only able to pick us up from Yudanaka station at check-in time (1pm), so we hung out in Tokyo in the morning. We dropped our stuff off at Tokyo station at a luggage locker since we only needed to take a backpack to Yudanaka, not the full carry-on. We then tried to get breakfast, but almost nothing was open at this time (9:30am). We ended up getting a cookie and granola at a coffee shop. Next we walked over to the Imperial East Gardens. I feel like these would’ve been more impressive in the summer. Also, some of the trails were closed and we had to get back for the train so we were only able to see a pretty limited amount. After that went to Tokyo station to go to Yudanaka. In the basement we got a salmon sashimi on rice bowl and a strawberry banana crepe. The sashimi was amazing, especially for a small store in the basement of the train station. On our way to Yudanaka, we had a pretty tight transfer to the Nagano-Dentetsu train. We didn’t know that we couldn’t use the Suica here, so we had to quickly buy a ticket at the machine then get on the train (we made it). On arrival at Yudanaka station, we took the shuttle to our ryokan and checked in. They had us take off our shoes at the entrance to put on their slippers, and we took off those slippers on entering our room. Our room was a traditional Japanese style room. There was just a table, 2 chairs on the ground, and a blanket underneath the table in the room. Our ryokan offered a ride to the Monkey Park, so we went there next. We had a vegetarian wrap before starting the hike to the park, which was fairly average. There was about a 30 minute hike to the park. Partially the reason it took so long was we had to walk slowly because of the ice. When we got to the Monkey Park, we were amazed by the number of monkeys and how close they got to you. One baby monkey even stepped on my shoe! It was also really cool to see them lounge in the onsen outside. We took the bus back to the ryokan, which was pretty simple to navigate. Again, they don’t take Suica so make sure you buy a ticket at the booth before getting on the bus. On getting back to the ryokan we discovered the table had a heater underneath. The table had a heater underneath it which was really nice to sit and relax for a little bit after the park. Next we had a multiple course dinner at the ryokan. I thought this would be communal, but it was actually a private dinner. There was an ordered list for the food, so we followed that. My favorite dish was the sashimi and the hot pot with pork. After dinner we took a brief nap (they set up our beds during dinner) then went out to the onsen (hot springs spa). We just wore the yukata and shoes provided by the ryokan (similar to clogs). This was a great and unique experience, especially in the cold. We planned to go to all 9 public onsen, but they were pretty similar and we were tired so we headed back to the ryokan after 5. We actually didn’t end up using the ryokan’s onsen, but they had an onsen outside as well which would’ve been nice to use. 1/19 (Tokyo, Shibuya/Shinjuku) Breakfast at ryokan (miso, carmelized fish) Apple pie baked good Train to Tokyo Hachiko statue Shubuya crossing Center Gai (+) Nabezo Shabu-Shabu Sukiyaki Yoyogi park Meiji Shrine (+) Samurai Museum (+) Golden Gai (Ace’s) Wagyu gyukatsu Mister Donut We had breakfast at the ryokan, which again was multiple courses. I really enjoyed the miso soup and carmelized fish that they gave us. Next we walked around Yudanaka, and we got a baked good that resembled a mini-apple pie with walnuts at a bakery (really good). We went back to the ryokan to take their shuttle to Yudanaka station. We took the train to Tokyo station, picked up our bags, then went to Shinjuku station to drop off our bags at the hotel then headed out. We headed over to lunch and stopped at a couple places on the way. The Hachiko statue and Shibuya crossing are right in front of the station. Then we walked through Center Gai, which was really interesting to see all the advertisements. At times it felt overwhelming with all the lights and sounds happening from all directions, but it was definitely something to see since it’s so unique to Tokyo. We went to Nabezo, a Shabu-Shabu/Sukiyaki restaurant, to have lunch. This was all you can eat for 100 minutes. We didn’t expect to stay that long, but it was so good we stayed basically the maximum time. It was similar to hot pot where there is a boiling broth at the table, and you submerge raw meat to cook it. They give you soy sauce, sesame sauce, and a spicy sauce to dip the meat in after cooking. The waitress came over to help us initially which was helpful for figuring out what to do. We got Shabu Shabu and Kimchi broth, and both were amazing. They have vegetables and rice and noodles to add to the broth as well. At the end they had ice cream with a couple flavors (black bean was my favorite). We got the cheapest option (2800 yen) and it was more than worth it. Next we walked through Yoyogi park. Meiji Shrine was closing soon so we didn’t stay too long at the park, but there was a festival going on with performances and people selling food which was fun. Also on our way to the shrine we saw a group of people dressed up as 50s greasers dancing which was cool to see. The Meiji Shrine was very impressive. We really enjoyed the walk to and from the shrine on the trail with trees on both sides. It was pretty crowded and it actually was closing right after we arrived, but we were still able to walk around and enjoy the buildings. Next we walked over to the Samurai Museum. The museum’s area had a bunch of ads for “massages” and other “companionship”, but it never felt dangerous. The museum itself was really interesting. A tour was starting right as we walked in, so we joined that. I’d highly recommend taking the tour (which was free) since they go into much more detail about the things in the museum than the signs do. The tour was great because it explained both history of samurai, as well as some history of Japan as a whole. After the museum we walked to the Golden Gai. It seemed pretty empty when we went (around 7pm), but we saw a small bar with a sign in English so we went there. The bartender was very friendly, and we talked with him and the other patrons for a while. It was mostly non-Japanese people in the bar, but there was also a (very drunk) Japanese man who came in shortly after we arrived. The bar was very small with only about 8 seats, so it was a very cozy atmosphere. We got a beer, plum wine, sake, negroni, and soju (probably could’ve done without the negroni and soju). We met a couple from America as well, and we went to get a late night snack with them. We had Wagyu gyukatsu at a restaurant near the bar, and after we got donuts at a nearby Mister Donuts. 1/20 (Hakone) Breaded chicken sandwiches Train to Hakone Walk to pirate ship, view of Fuji Pirate ship across lake, view of Fuji (+) Ropeway to Owakudani, view of Fuji Black eggs, black curry bread Ropeway and pirate ship back across lake Soba noodles Hakone shrine We woke up (slightly hungover) and went to the train station to go to Hakone. We ended up having to take the train with our luggage during rush hour, which was very packed. It actually wasn’t as bad as I expected since nobody pushed people into the train, but everybody was squished together. We stored luggage at the Shinagawa station and got a beef cutlets sandwich while waiting for our Shinkansen. The sandwich was just okay, definitely one of our worse meals. We took the Shinkansen to Odawara and got the Hakone free pass there. We took the train to Hakone-yumoto station then a bus to our hotel to drop off our bags. After that we walked to the Moto-hakone port. On the way, there was a great view of Mt. Fuji. We were very lucky that it was perfectly clear, so we got a great view. We then took the pirate ship cruise to the Togendai port. Then we transferred to the ropeway to go to Owakudani. At Owakudani we walked around a little bit and got black eggs and black curry bread at a store near the station. Unfortunately all the hiking trails were closed so we were just able to view the smoke from near the station. We took the last leg of the cable car to Sounzan, and we got to get a better view of the smoke and sulfur on the way. We then took the cable car back down to Togendai and the pirate ship back to Moto-hakone. After we got off the ship, we went to a small soba noodles restaurant near the port. We got beef soba, and the noodles and broth were delicious. We then went to the Hakone shrine. Even though the shrine was much smaller than Meiji, there were many commonalities between the two (the general layout, offerings, gates). We then headed back to the hotel, taking the Ancient Cedar Avenue which ran alongside the road. We then went to the onsen in the hotel and called it an early night. 1/21 (Tokyo, Asakusa/Odaiba) Train to Tokyo (+) 7/11 fried chicken Okonomiyaki with soba Kaminarimon Gate, Nakamise Dori Sensoji temple Dempoin, Shin-Nakamise Custard taiyaki River cruise to Hama Rikyu (+) Hama Rikyu garden (+) teamLab Planets DockCity Katsu with curry, takoyaki, sea salt ice cream While heading back to Tokyo, we stopped at the 7/11 in Odawara station and picked up a fried chicken stick. It was really good, almost like Chick-fil-a nuggets. We took the train to Tokyo station to drop off our bags for the door, and we stopped for lunch in the basement. We got okonomiyaki with soba noodles. It was almost like an omelette with eggy pancakes on the outside and soba noodles in the inside. We also got to use an ordering machine where you order the food in a machine before entering the restaurant, then you show the staff the ticket. Next we headed to Asakusa for the Sensoji temple. We went through the Kaminarimon Gate and walked through Nakamise Dori with all the vendors on both sides. Sensoji temple was pretty large, with multiple beautiful halls and shrines. We spent some time there, then went down Dempoin and Shin-Nakamise. We had thought that Dempoin was supposed to be similar to an “old town” Tokyo street, but it seemed fairly similar to the other streets. Regardless, it was fun to look at all the shops, and we got a custard taiyaki that was delicious. Next we headed to the Tokyo Cruise Pier to take a ship down to Hama Rikyu Gardens. The ride itself was pretty uneventful, especially since the tour guide mainly spoke in Japanese. However, once we go there the gardens were beautiful. The garden was initially built by the shogun in the 1600s, and there were several reconstructed buildings in the style of that era. You could walk in the buildings and they had some information on their purpose. Also, it was very interesting to see the traditional gardens with the skyscrapers in the background. The gardens were peaceful to walk around after the fairly crowded and noisy Asakusa area. We then took the elevated train to teamLab Planets. This was a very unique experience, unlike anything I’ve done before. There were several rooms, each with a different theme and purpose. There was also an app that allowed you to interact with a couple rooms through the app. For example, in one room there’s a simulation of flowers and butterflies, and you can use the app to send new butterflies into the simulation. I would highly recommend going to this, definitely one of the highlights of the trip. Next we wanted to check out the Uniqlo, so we headed over to DiverCity. We stopped for dinner at the food court. We got a chicken katsu with curry (presentation was lacking, but it was surprisingly good), a takoyaki (delicious), and a sea salt ice cream (blue for some reason, but very good). We shopped at Uniqlo for a little bit (tax free! ) then headed back to the hotel. 1/22 (Kyoto, northern) Chicken McMuffin Red bean pastries Shinkansen to Kyoto (+) Gyukatsu Kinkakuji Temple Matcha cheesecake (+) Ryoanji Temple Nishiki Market Rice balls with soy sauce Pontocho alley Tsukemen, chicken fried rice, matcha ice cream My friend on the trip left in the morning, so I was solo-traveling for the rest of the trip (first time! ). I started the morning early going to the JR Narita station. It turns out it was a little too early since I had about 30 minutes to kill until my train. The only restaurant that was open was McDonald’s, so I stopped in for a chicken McMuffin (not bad). I wandered around and noticed a bakery open, and I got a pastry with red bean which was very good. I took the Shinkansen to Kyoto, then I went to the hostel to drop off my bags. Next I went to get lunch at a gyukatsu restaurant. This was delicious, even better than when we got gyukatsu on 1/19! Part of the reason it was so good was there were multiple sauces you could use, including soy sauce and wasabi, Worcester sauce and sesame, Japanese salt and pepper, soft boiled egg, and curry. My favorite sauce was the soy sauce and wasabi. After I finished I had some soft boiled egg left, and the woman working there suggested that I add the soft boiled egg to the rice, which was very good. Next I went to Kinkakuji temple. I got a little lost trying to take the bus to the temple. I found that Google maps wasn’t very accurate for Kyoto, so I decided to use the Japan Official Travel App for Kyoto public transportation. This temple was beautiful, especially the reflection of the buildings in the pond. It was pretty crowded though, which made it a little difficult to enjoy fully. I stopped at a bakery for matcha cheesecake on my way to Ryoan-ji temple. I enjoyed Ryoan-ji temple much more than Kinkakuji, probably partly because it was much less crowded. I especially liked the zen garden, where there are 15 stones in the garden but you can only see 14 at a time. I walked around the temple gardens for a while, then headed to Nishiki market. I walked through Nishiki market, and I got rice balls covered with sweet soy sauce. I didn’t like these too much since I felt like they were too sweet. Next I walked to Pontocho alley to wander through the row of restaurants. I ended up going to a small ramen place and had a set that included tsukemen, chicken fried rice, and matcha ice cream. I had never had tsukemen before, and I really enjoyed the broth. Mine didn’t come with an egg, which I missed! After dinner I headed back to the hostel to do some laundry and go to sleep. 1/23 (Kyoto, eastern) Baked good with jelly Ginkakuji temple (+) Philosopher’s Path (+) Honen-in temple Nazenji temple Keage incline Heian shrine Yasaka shrine (+) Crab stick with mayo and chili powder Boiled dumplings Kodaiji temple Higashiyama streets Matcha latte bubble tea Kiyomizu-dera temple (+) Fushimi-inari shrine Chicken skewer with teriyaki (+) Bar Izakaya, meat skewers This day was mostly seeing temples and shrines. It was raining all day, so I think that contributed to the relatively few people at the temples. I really enjoyed all the temples, especially the zen gardens at most of the temples. I particularly enjoyed the Honen-in temple, which I wandered into while on the Philosopher’s path between Ginkakuji and Nazenji. There was nobody else in Honen-in when I went, which definitely added to the experience. I wanted to go to Izuu or Izuju in Gion for sushi, but they had very long lines. Instead, I got a crab stick with mayo and chili powder and boiled dumplings from food stands outside Yasaka shrine. The crab stick especially was delicious, I didn’t expect that it would be so good. I also enjoyed walking through the streets in Higashiyama and seeing all the shops. There were a ton of matcha-flavored foods all over Kyoto. I didn’t know it at the time, but Kyoto is one of the biggest producers of green tea! Around 4:30 I went to the Fushimi Inari shrine. Even though there was a pretty big crowd, it was still amazing to see all the gates. I had seen pictures of the shrine before, but seeing the scale and density was incredible. I hiked up to the intersection with the view of Kyoto in time for sunset, then headed back down. I got a chicken skewer with teriyaki at a food stand nearby, which was really good. Afterwards I went near Pontocho alley to a small bar called Bar Dram. I arrived soon after they opened, and I was the only person in the bar the entire time. The bartender was very friendly, and we talked about Kyoto and Japan in general. He gave me some sake to try which was amazing, it was sweet and caramel-flavored. It was a great experience, and I especially liked getting to learn more about Kyoto and Japan from someone who lives there. After the bar, I went to a nearby izakaya that he recommended, then I headed back to the hostel. 1/24 (Kyoto, Arashiyama) Shrimp yuba (+) Bamboo grove Tenryuji temple Togetsukyo bridge Monkey park Okonomiyaki bar (+) Sushi Naritaya Jojakkoji temple via bamboo grove Giouji temple Saga Toriimoto street Saga Toriimoto Archive Hall Otagi Nenbutsuji temple Daikakuji temple Nishiki market Brewery, French fries with Japanese pepper and Japanese pickled vegetables Coffee shop, cheesecake Curry I started the day by going to the bamboo grove in Arashiyama, stopping at a food stand for shrimp yuba along the way (not my favorite). The bamboo grove was amazing, especially because there were only a couple people there when I arrived around 8:30. Similar to Fushimi Inari, I had seen pictures of the bamboo grove before but being able to see it in person was incredible. I continued to see the Tenryu-ji temple (beautiful), then to the Togetsukyo bridge then the monkey park. The monkey park was very cool, but I felt like it would’ve been more impressive if I hadn’t done the snow monkey park last week. Getting to feed the monkeys was definitely a great experience though. After this I stopped at a food stand to get an okonomiyaki bar, which is just okonomiyaki on a stick (would recommend). Then I stopped for lunch at Sushi Naritaya which had just opened. I had one of their sushi sets and plum wine. The sushi was amazing, definitely one of my favorite meals on the trip. I especially liked the eel that was included in the set. Next I saw a couple more temples in Arashiyama. Between the temples, I stopped at the Saga Toriimoto Archive Hall since it was open and free. They had a panorama of a historical representation of the street which was pretty cool to see. Out of all the temples today, the Otagi Nenbutsuji was definitely the most unique. There were tons of stone heads everywhere in the relatively small temple grounds. It’s also fairly out of the way, so there was only one other couple there. After the temples, I went to Nishiki market to wander around since many stores were closed when I went 2 days ago. Next I went to a nearby brewery for a drink and an order of French fries and Japanese pickled vegetables. I especially liked the Japanese pepper that was served with the French fries. I had a cheesecake at a coffee shop while waiting for Kara-Kusa Curry to open. I had the red and black curry mixture, which I felt was good but not amazing, then went back to the hotel. 1/25 (Nara/Osaka) Chocolate Belgian waffle Sweets at cafe Train to Nara (+) Nara Park Todaiji temple, Daibutsuden, Nigatsudo Custard taiyaki (+) Udon with shrimp tempura Train to Osaka (+) Osaka Museum of Housing and Living Fried chicken cup Osaka Castle (+) Osaka Museum of History Dotonbori Katsu Melonpan with matcha ice cream Hozenji Temple (+) Jazz bar Onsen I started off the day by getting a chocolate Belgian waffle and some sweets at a cafe at a train station in Kyoto, before getting on a train to Nara. I walked around Nara Park for a couple hours. It was very cool seeing all the deer. I had been to a couple monkey parks on the trip, but this felt different because this was a public park, as well as the large number of deer. I checked out Todaiji temple, and the Daibutsuden hall was especially cool to see based on its size. I grabbed a custard taiyaki on my way back, but it wasn’t as good as the one I had a couple days ago. I stopped at a restaurant near the train station to get udon noodles with shrimp tempura. The noodles and shrimp were delicious, but I especially liked the broth. Next I took a train to Osaka. I dropped off my bags at the capsule hotel then headed to the Museum of Living and Housing, which has a recreation of Osaka in the Edo period. I love history museums and historical re-enactments, so I really liked this museum. I got the audio guide, which gave more information on what exactly I was seeing. Being able to walk into the houses and really see what they looked in the Edo period was amazing. They also had a brief period where they lowered the lights to emulate night, which was pretty cool as well. After that I headed to Osaka Castle, stopping for a fried chicken cup nearby. I didn’t go into the main hall itself, but I still enjoyed seeing the grounds and the different buildings from the outside. I walked back out and headed to the nearby Museum of History. I really enjoyed this museum, especially the great view of Osaka Castle and all the dioramas of different periods of history. I also liked the AR display of the Naniwa palace so you can get an idea of what it looked like in relation to the modern-day city. I got the audio tour here as well, but it probably wasn’t needed as much since an English summary of information was available on most important displays. Next I went to Dotonbori street to walk around. This street seemed much bigger and populated than the other shopping streets I’ve seen. I really liked walking around and people watching, as well as looking at all the lights everywhere. I stopped at a restaurant for some pork katsu. I got one that had half katsu sauce and half miso-based sauce. The miso sauce was delicious, I had never had anything like that before. After dinner I stopped at a stand to get melonpan with matcha ice cream. This was very good, especially the crispy outside of the melonpan. I briefly stopped at the Hozenji temple, then headed to a nearby jazz bar. This was a very small bar where the owner would play jazz vinyl records from an extensive collection. I had a couple drinks here and sat for a while enjoying the atmosphere. Then I headed back to my capsule hotel. This was my first time doing a capsule hotel, and it was surprisingly enjoyable. The hotel I chose had an onsen, so it was almost like a spa. All the facilities were very nice. The only issue I had was the capsule bed itself was a little too thin, and I hit the sides a couple times with my arms while sleeping. Also, the provided locker was fairly small, so you had to keep your luggage on a rack which was accessible to everyone. These weren’t a big deal though, and I still really enjoyed my stay. Unfortunately, this specific capsule hotel is converting to a female-only hotel next month so I won’t be able to stay there again, but I’d definitely be open to staying at another capsule hotel again. 1/26 (Miyajima) Banana soy muffin, melonpan Chicken and rice box Train and ferry to Miyajima (+) Itsukushima-jinja Shrine Daisho-in Temple (+) Grilled oysters Momiji manju with custard Momijidani Park (+) Ropeway to Mt. Misen Hike down Mt. Misen Momiji manju with red bean Miyajima de gansu Sushi I headed to the train station to go to Miyajima, stopping for some breakfast on the way. The train to Hiroshima and the port was pretty uneventful, but the ferry ride to Miyajima was beautiful since it was very nice out. I dropped off my bags at the hotel, then I went to the Itsukushima-jinja Shrine. Unfortunately the gate in the water was under construction so it had a sheet over it, but the shrine was still amazing to see. This shrine was different from the other ones I’ve seen since it was on the water, and at low tide it looked like it was floating on the water. Next I went to the Daisho-in temple. This temple was also different from others I’ve seen since it was in the mountains, so it had a more remote feel. I explored here a while, then headed back to the village for lunch. I had grilled oysters for lunch, which were amazing. I don’t normally like oysters, but I read they were a speciality on the island and I’m very glad that I tried them. I stopped for momiji manju with custard on my way out. These are maple leaf sweets with some filling in them, similar to the taiyaki. This was very good, especially since it was warm. Next I walked to Momijidani Park and walked around there for a while. This was very peaceful, and there was even a pond with some koi fish. Nearby was the ropeway to go up Mt. Misen. The views from the ropeway and the top station were beautiful, but what was amazing were the views from the summit of Mt. Misen (about 20 minute walk from the top station). Looking at Hiroshima City on one side and the islands on the other city was amazing, and it was definitely one of my favorite parts of the trip. I hiked down Mt. Misen which was mostly through the forest. I stopped for another momiji manju in the village, which wasn’t as good either because of the red bean or it wasn’t warm. I stopped for Miyajima de gansu at a food stand, which is a deep fried fish and onion stick similar to a fish stick. I didn’t understand the machine ordering process and a woman working there helped me, which was very nice. I went back to the hotel to rest for a little bit, then I headed back out to dinner. I got sushi at a nearby restaurant which was delicious (but probably not my favorite from this trip), then I walked around Miyajima for a while. The lanterns and the shrine, which was lit up at night, were very peaceful after a long day, then I headed back to the hotel. 1/27 (Hiroshima) Ferry, train, tram to Hiroshima (+) Peace Memorial Museum Bagel Peace Park, Cenotaph, Children’s Peace Monument, Atomic Bomb Memorial Mound (+) Atomic Bomb Dome Okonomiyaki (+) Orizuru Tower Hot lemonade, orange cake Hiroshima Castle Shukkei-en Garden Tsukemen, chicken karaage Crepe with banana and chocolate (+) Koba Bar I started the day by traveling back to Hiroshima City. It was raining outside so the trip wasn’t as nice as the trip to Miyajima. I did enjoy taking the tram within Hiroshima City though. I dropped off my bags at the hotel, then I headed to the Peace Memorial Museum to beat the crowds. The museum was incredibly moving, and I thought it was really well done. I felt like whenever I had a question about something, the next section of the museum would answer that. For example, at one point I was wondering about the survivors of the bomb, then the next section was dedicated to that topic. Also, I appreciated how the museum was mostly (heartbreaking) personal testimonials which made you really understand the level of impact that the bomb had on this city and the citizens. After the museum I stopped for a bagel at a nearby bagel shop. Most of the bagels actually didn’t come with cream cheese and they didn’t have separate cream cheese which I thought was interesting. Next I went back to the Peace Park to see a couple monuments. At this point it had starting raining pretty heavily so I didn’t spend too much time there, but all the monuments were very touching especially the Children’s Peace Monument which is dedicated to the children who died in the bomb. Next I went to the Atomic Bomb Dome in the park, which is the foundation of a building near the hypocenter of the bomb. Much of the foundation was left standing, including parts of the dome on top of the building. The building is preserved to how it looked like after the bomb, including pieces of wreckage around the building. Having the building look the same as in pictures of the aftermath of the bomb really drove home the impact of the bomb on the city and the people’s lives. Then I went to grab lunch at a nearby okonomiyaki restaurant. I had a little difficult finding it since it was underground, but I’m really glad I did since it was delicious (and pretty cheap). After that I went back to near the park to go up the Orizuru Tower. It was a little expensive for what it was, but I thought it was really nice. The observation deck had great views of the park and especially of the Atomic Bomb Dome. I got a hot lemonade (pretty good) and orange cake (not as good) at the cafe on the floor. One floor below you could make an origami crane and release it with other cranes that people have made. It was definitely a nice activity to do while waiting out the rain. At this point the rain had slowed down, so I went to Hiroshima Castle. The grounds were nice, and the castle was very impressive. I went inside the castle since I had some time, but it was more like a pretty small history museum than a castle. After that I walked to Shukkei-en Garden. I really enjoyed walking around this garden, especially getting to learn about the reconstruction efforts for the garden. Next I headed back to the hotel to rest for a little bit, then I went to dinner. I got tsukemen and chicken karaage. I enjoyed the tsukemen, but I think I like the hot broth more. I thought the chicken karaage was very good though. I walked around the shopping streets for a while, stopping for a crepe at a shop. I appreciate how portable and easy to eat the crepes are since they’re in an ice cream cone shape. After that I headed to Koba Bar soon after it opened. I really liked this bar, and I’m very glad I went here to end my last full day in Japan. They play American rock music with a projection of the music video on the wall. The bartenders are very friendly, and I talked with them and a couple of the other people at the bar for a while. I had already eaten, but the food looked delicious as well (especially the chili carbonara). After about an hour there, I headed back to the hotel since I had to be up early the next day to travel back to Tokyo for my flight.

Lost in america movie trailer. Lost in america. Lost in america 2019. Lost in america's best. Lost in america daniel kadawatha. Let's talk voter suppression and how it affects men For some reason this week, I have elections on my mind. British redditors register to vote here! Is America a democracy? If so, why does it deny millions the vote? I was reading this piece in the Guardian just now. It's a very good overview of the scope of the problem in the USA and the specific tactics used. Of course, people of ethnic minority and/or working class backgrounds are the hardest hit. The specific case that hits men hardest is felon disenfranchisement, which the Guardian describes as follows: Another approximately 4. 7 million Americans are prevented from voting at all. This is the number of convicted felons who have no right to vote, including those incarcerated for grave crimes such as homicide and rape but also encompassing charges including burglary and repeated driving under the influence. Forty-eight states have some form of felon disenfranchisement, but three states – Iowa, Kentucky and Virginia – disenfranchise people for life. The impacts are disproportionate: one in 13 African Americans have lost their right to vote as a result, compared with one in 56 non-black voters, according to the Sentencing Project. Jevon Gerrard Stevens, a 42-year-old water treatment plant operator for Miami-Dade county water and sewer department in Florida, was convicted of third-degree grand theft auto in 1998, which resulted in his jailing for three months. He hasn’t been able to vote for 21 years. I think we can agree that a lifetime ban on voting is an absurdly disproportionate punishment a petty crime committed decades ago. The Sentencing Project estimates the number of Americans affected at close to 6 million, close to 1 in 40 adults, a number which jumps to 1 in 13 when looking at just African Americans. So, why is this a men's issue? This is why. 1. The United States of America locks up an astonishing number of people, but it locks up men at a rate ten times higher than that of women. The numbers are absolutely astonishing. At this point, my thoughts are circling back to my home country. While we may not be doing as badly as the Americans, I think we owe it to ourselves to set the bar a little higher. In the United Kingdom, at present, prisoners cannot vote while serving their sentences 2, a state of affairs found to be in breach of the European Convention of Human Rights in 2005. As we approach our third general election in four years, the prison population in the United Kingdom is approximately 84, 000, over 95% of whom are men. Again, much like in the USA, these will be men from BAME and working class backgrounds, the same men who those in power don't want voting. That's some 80, 000 men who will not be allowed to vote. Download the official government statistics and see for yourself. I, for one, think that's fucking disgraceful. Full link here That is after conviction, prisoners on remand (i. e. awaiting trial) can vote in elections.

Lost in american. Lost in america by dave barry. I Want Out 2015 version. So yesterday marked my 22nd birthday. The first birthday I've ever had that I feel was completely meaningless, which I guess means I'm officially an adult. However, because it was my birthday yesterday, it means that today is the 2 year anniversary of when I finally started caring about my health. It's also the day the first picture was taken. That's how I looked at my worst, 261lbs. I had been overweight most of my life, and obese since I was about 14, but my entire life I never saw myself as a fat person and kept pretending to myself that I was something different. August 22nd 2017 is the day I decided to make that dream into my reality. This is the story of how I overcame my depression, recovered from alcoholism, lost 106lbs, and found a purpose in my life. Pictures here, dates at bottom and explained throughout the post. Background I had messed around with diets on 2 previous occasions in my life. The first time was when I was in high school, I knew next to nothing about health or fitness and just took the basic steps that everyone knows they should do in order to lose weight. The common sense diet. I went from drinking around 2 litres of soda every day, and eating what now seems like it would have been at least 1500 calories of candy and chocolate every day on top of my regular meals, to not drinking any soda and limiting my "junk" food intake. I also made a more conscious decision to try and eat fruits and vegetables as well as lean meats. I lost a little weight but at the time I was too ashamed of myself to weigh in before or after. This attempt to lose weight lasted maybe a month, but some of the habits stuck. I learned how to cook, remained conscious of my junk food intake, and started eating vegetables. The second time, when i was 18 I had heard online about the idea of counting calories, but never knew apps existed to do this for you. I looked at the packaging of the food I was eating, wrote the calories into the notes on my phone and tried to exercise. I lifted weights with no structure, and used my elliptical machine for an hour maybe once a week. I lost 36lbs this way, then went on vacation and returned to my old habits while on that vacation. Once I returned home I was too ashamed of myself to weigh myself anymore. This attempt ended once the vacation did. The third time was a success. My dad and my sister had both been dieting for a few months before my birthday, losing around 30lbs each. I noticed they were both using myfitnesspal and heard my sister talk about how easy it was because it tracked the calories for you. In work later that day I decided to download it and check it out. I never liked the layout so I deleted it and downloaded a similar app called "loseit. " Still to this day 2 years later I use that app to track my food, once you've logged a few thousand foods it's hard to go back. Before this diet I was in the worst place I've ever been mentally, I had my heart broken by my girlfriend of 2 and a half years. She had mentally abused me, i felt like I was dependant on her but looking back I now realise she was a horrible influence on my life. Once she broke up with me I became an alcoholic. I used to struggle with depression (used to, more on this later) and after breaking up with her I started to drink, every single day. I was going into work drunk, eating their junk food twice a shift, leaving and drinking. I wanted to die but I saw myself as being too pussy to kill myself, I couldn't do that to my family. Drinking made me care less about how others would feel if I did, and i saw it as an easy way to actually kill myself. I drank every day for around 3 months, spending the entirety of my days looking forward to going home and killing a couple shots. I wasn't a functioning human being for those months. Eventually I met another girl and she pulled me out of this hole without even realising it. It felt like she was the first person I had met for years who actually cared about me. That girl was the best thing that ever happened to me, i couldn't act the way I had been around her, and I wanted to impress her by changing my life completely. She was the motivation for me to stop drinking, the motivation for me to start. Discipline is what kept me doing it after. The weight loss When I started this journey I knew it was different this time. I was determined I was going to do it properly. I spent my free time reading everything online about nutrition, trying to figure out what was waffle and what was real information, it was surprisingly difficult. When I was younger and had attempted to lose weight I tried to half ass the research and believed everything I read from a "post workout feeding window" to "your body can only digest 20g of protein at a time" and was too lazy to check if this information was actually real, but this time if I thought something was real I normally did follow up research. I started by just eating what I was already, just making sure I got the calories within my calorie goal, a 1000 calorie deficit. Slowly over time I made changes to my diet, eating more vegetables, caring about my protein intake, and gradually decreasing all the things that didn't benefit me. Food became fuel. I work in fast food, so to start with I was still eating burgers most days, this changed over time. Even though it was incredibly tempting to be around the fast food every day, one benefit it does bring is that it made sure I wasn't completely sedentary. Walking 40 hours a week isn't enough to be considered exercise, but for a 261lb man i couldn't survive a shift without breaking a sweat, and it definitely burnt a few hundred calories. On top of this, I slowly started to learn more about exercise. I went back to lifting weights with no real structure, and started to play golf every week with my dad. Golf as a fat person burns a surprising amount of calories, I averaged 9 holes of my course out to be around 500. I made a few mistake with this journey, I kept the deficit too high even when my weight was starting to get really low, I believed that there was no point in me lifting weights while losing weight because I wouldn't have been able to get stronger while in a deficit, and eventually stopped trying. The first mistake was just a fat man desperate to see his abs for the first time ever, the second was a mixture of my fat self being too lazy to work out, and my new self believing waffle without clarifying. I finished losing the weight on July 28th 2018, I maintained my weight for a few weeks then went on vacation to america for my 21st birthday. The second picture is taken on August 21st 2018, the day of my 21st birthday. 155lbs Once I got home I weighed myself every day for a week, noticed I hadn't gained even a quarter of a pound while on vacation, reassured myself I knew what I was doing and then decided to bulk up. The Bulk (So Far) As the weight loss neared a close I did a lot of research into bulking, I discovered r/fitness and decided that a lean bulk was the best approach for me, because the idea of putting fat on too quickly again was not appealing. The first programme I ran was this: It's basically a beginners dumbbell only PPL. I ran it twice, and then afterwards started to learn more about optimal training, and adding more exercises and more sets to it. I started out using only a pair of adjustable dumbbells, then a barbell, and now I own basically an entire home gym. (Located in my bedroom. Big bedroom. ) I started to learn more about how to target each muscle, rep ranges, volume of training, the basics of programming and slowly wrote my own PPL based on the equipment I had. My training was far from optimal, for a while the most weight i could put on the dumbbells was 15kg each so my rep ranges for a while were in the high 30s for some exercises. Eventually i bought more weight, and I'll continue to buy more as I get stronger. I also started to use my elliptical machine, and eventually got into running. After a while I was running 10 miles a day, as well as a half marathon at the weekend. I tore my calf because my mind was a hell of a lot stronger than my body, and had to stop. I tore it a further two times by trying to rush back to where I was too quickly, but eventually after the third tear I went to a physio, shes been rehabbing it and I've been slowly getting back into running for the last 3 weeks. This struggle with my calf has made me realise that sometimes I need to just relax, trust the process, and stop being so hard on myself all the time. So far I've put on around 26lbs, a little bit of this has been unnecessary fat gain because occasionally my former fat self would reappear for a day and I'd put down 8000 calories, yet my abs have always stuck around. I think the pressure of trying to be so hard on myself led to an unhealthy relationship with food. I've put a stop to this since, and my diet is the best its ever been with complete freedom to eat "junk" if ever I want, but i never really want to because i feel "clean" food makes me feel and function better. The third picture was taken today. 181lbs My current programme looks like this, I'm currently nursing a slight shoulder injury so my Push day isn't totally accurate to what im doing right now, but this is what I will be doing once its fully healed: Monday 4x8-12 Back Squat 3x8-12 Front Squat 4x8-16 RDL 3x12-20 Hamstring Curl 4x12-20 Hip Thrust 3x Calf Raises 3x Bent Leg Calf Raises Tuesday 5x6-12 OHP 5x6-12 Flat Bench 4x8-16 Incline DB press 8x12-25 Lateral Raise 4x12-20 Skull crusher 3x8-15 Chest Fly 4xAMRAP Ab Wheel Wednesday 3x8-15 Deadlift 5x8-16 Bent Over Row 4x8-20 Shrugs 4xAMRAP Pullup 3x8-12 Chest supported row 5x8-15 Hammer Curl 5x8-15 Dumbbell curl 5x8-20 Bent Over Flys 4x AMRAP Dragon Flags Thursday 4x8-12 Front Squat 3x8-12 Back Squat 4x12-20 Hamstring Curl 3x8-16 RDL 4x12-20 Hip Thrust 3x Leg Bent Calf Raise 3x Calf Raise Friday 5x8-15 Bench Press 5x8-15 OHP 4x6-12 Incline DB Press 8x12-25 Lateral Raise 4x8-20 Dumbbell Tricep Extension 3x8-15 Chest Fly 4x AMRAP Side Bends Saturday 5x8-15 Bent Over Row 4x8-20 Shrugs 4x AMRAP Pullup 3x8-15 Unilateral Row 5x8-15 Concentration Curl 5x8-15 Barbell Curl 5x8-20 Band Pull Aparts 4x AMRAP V Up Sunday Rest Or Possibly Mobility Work Probs Not Though I've discovered that my biceps respond to a lot of volume, as well as my chest, so there's a lot of sets for those muscles. I also don't have any reps written down for my calf because I'm just increasing it as instructed by my PT. As a few months pass I'll add more volume. I'm also running Monday Thursday and Saturday right now, and intend to play golf on Saturdays again once my body is fully healed. Life For Me Now Well first off, as I mentioned earlier I no longer have any real problems with my depression. As you can imagine repeating the same injury 3 times in a row was pretty soul destroying, especially because it's not just a minor tear, I had to take weeks off of everything that involved being on my feet for any prolonged period of time, I had to take months off of work, but I never let myself get too down mentally. I've been upset, I've felt depressed, but the difference is that now I can wake up the next day and feel better. Now I can tell that every day that passes everything will be a little bit better, and it's so refreshing almost always waking up happy. Having people in my life care about me helps massively, but I've come to realise I shouldn't only live for peoples opinions of me. I don't think depression every truly leaves you, it just sits dormant, but constantly having goals helps with keeping it dormant. Eating well, exercising and having confidence in myself also help massively. I dont really drink anymore, but I'm not completely sober. I was on vacation last month and I had a few drinks, (the 4th picture is me on vacation. Tanning oil, good lighting and a slight tan means that's the best picture I have of myself to date) I'm being taken out for dinner this weekend and ill probably have one or two drinks, but it's a choice to have it. I do not feel dependant on it, and I treat it as a thing for special occasions because most of the time it doesn't appeal to me. i would say i'm fully recovered from my struggles with alcohol now. i'm still not totally used to looking how i do now. 10 years of being the fat kid really leaves it mentally stamped into your head that is how you look. I still check myself out in the mirror a lot because i'm not used to seeing what I see. i'm working on accepting myself for who i am now, and I'm trying to continue to learn and improve my physical and mental health. I also try and help people who ask me with their health and fitness related goals because I've definitely learned a lot over the last 2 years. My diet nowadays is basically the same types of food every day, but with a lot of variety. I eat around 4/5 meals every day, made up with some sort of carb source such as rice or potatoes, a protein source in the form of meat or fish, and a tonne of vegetables. Breakfasts are normally some sort of oats with fruit mixed in and a protein shake, or wholegrain cereal with a protein shake, or peanut butter on toast and a shake. The option to eat junk food is always there now, but most of the time I never want to... aside from the huge slice of cake I had yesterday. I no longer break a sweat at work, I no longer get out of breath from a slight jog, I no longer eat because I'm bored and I do not treat food as a drug. I'm starting to finally fill out shirt sleeves, and I can finally look at myself in a mirror and feel happy about how I look now, and know that I'm only going to keep improving myself both physically and mentally. I get compliments from girls about my appearance for the first time in my life. I'm ambitious, I'm driven. But most importantly I enjoy life. Goals for the future First off I want to get back to running and lifting properly. My body hasn't worked at 100% since February but this is the closest I've been to full fitness since then thanks to my wonderful PT. I'm going to commit fully to this bulk until the end of the year. I dont want to think about cutting until I'm close to 195/200lbs. I've always wanted to be in the military, that's why I balance lifting with running, but a few months ago I decided my goal is to sign up for the British parachute regiment. I find that I function best when I push myself to be the best i can, and just settling for regular army doesn't feel like it challenges me enough. (no offence anyone at all) Because of this, once my calf is fully back to normal and I can run properly again I need to get down to around a 6 minute mile. I would also one day like to be around 200lbs at hopefully around 11% bodyfat, I'm still not totally used to having abs so I like to think I'll have them forever. My lifting has no real numbers attached to the goals, I want to be big and strong, doesn't everyone? I'll keep lifting until I no longer can, PR's will be set and broken during this, none set as of yet. And lastly, I like to think I'll be able to run marathons with relative ease when I'm a few years older. I have fairly lofty goals, but that's how I like to think about my life nowadays. I like to feel like I'm chasing something. Constantly trying to better myself physically and mentally. "Make your goals unreasonable. Chase your unreasonable goals with an unreasonable amount of effort, tenacity, intensity and ferocity. Maintain an unreasonable amount of anger over failing to meet your unreasonable goals. Do all this, and you will create a margin between you and those who were pursuing reasonable goals that is completely unreasonable. " - Mythical Strength Resources I've found useful - Dr Israetel's general guidelines for how many sets per week people on average can handle was pretty useful for creating my own routine, but treat it as general guidelines. He has said very clearly that these are averages from himself and people he has trained. Start low and find your own numbers over time. -renaissance periodization, as a complete beginner it was useful to be able to look at their ideas of exercises that hit certain muscles and figure out what I could do with my makeshift setup. - Read the fucking wiki. Seriously. This fitness shit is only complicated if you make it complicated. There's a lot of advanced science about it all, but as someone who just wants to lift heavy shit or look better it is not important for you to know it all. The basics work. - MythicalStrength's blog is fantastic. Probably my favourite strength related content on the internet, wide variety of content, both thought provoking and entertaining. - David Goggins. Former fat boy turned navy seal and hard motherfucker. His whole life is based around embracing the suck. His life story is fascinating and his book was a good listen while running. Edit: Grammer, spelling and also I'm 186cm if anyone cares.

Lost in america by candelario lesson plan pdf free printable template word. Lost in america halloween. Just after hearing about Alice and his bed of nail's, he just nail's it every time with his hard rock classic's. Quote from r/STD - it applies to r/HPV either: The sub is intended to help calm the anxiety that comes with a potential STD infection through education, awareness, and prevention techniques. If you have concerns about your health, please seek a health care provider to address the concerns you have. No subreddit's contents can replace actual medical care from a physician. 1. INTRODUCTION As CDC says: HPV infections are so common that nearly all men and women will get at least one type of HPV at some point in their lives. Most people never know that they have been infected and may give HPV to a sex partner without knowing it. Nearly 80 million Americans are currently infected with some type of HPV. About 14 million people in the United States become newly infected each year. Most people with HPV never develop symptoms or health problems. Most HPV infections (9 out of 10) go away by themselves within two years. But, sometimes, HPV infections will last longer, and can cause certain cancers and other diseases. HPV infections can cause: cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva in women; cancers of the penis in men; and cancers of the anus and back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils (oropharynx), in both women and men. warts and genital warts Most HPV infections are transient and asymptomatic, causing no symptoms. More than 90% of new HPV infections, including those caused by high-risk HPV types, clear or become undetectable within 2 years, and clearance usually occurs in the first 6 months after infection. As dr Handsfield wrote: Probably 25-30% of all sexually active men in North America or Europe are diagnosed at one time or another with genital warts. (... ) Going further, at least 90% get HPV at least once, and at any point in time at least 50% of all men and women in their 20s and 30s have active HPV infections. IMPORTANT message for MSM: please vaccinate yourself as soon as possible: Participant mean age was 25 years (range = 18–40), with 48. 9% self-identifying as gay and 86. 5% reporting having sex exclusively with men. At baseline, 530 participants had HPV DNA present (61. 1% with high-risk HPV, 84. 9% with low-risk HPV) source FDA approves expanded use of Gardasil 9 to include individuals 27 through 45 years old 2. HOW TO KEEP MENTAL HEALTH DURING HPV INFECTION? Remember that you are not alone. HPV infections are so common that nearly all men and women will get at least one type of HPV at some point in their lives. source You are not dirty or worse than other people. Other people just don't know bout their active or previous infections. Calm down. Don't stress yourself. Be patient. "Women who reported self-destructive coping strategies, like drinking, smoking cigarettes or taking drugs when stressed, were more likely to develop an active HPV infection, " said principal investigator Anna-Barbara Moscicki, MD, FAAP, chief of the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine and professor of pediatrics at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine. "We also found that women who were depressed or perceived themselves to have lots of stress were more likely to have HPV persistence, " she said, adding that this study is the first to show these connections between stress and HPV persistence. source See this video about HPV infections: Stop reading random pages and sources about HPV. There is lots of misinformation and scary stories. Stick to reliable websites, for example: CDC or McGill. I will repeat once again: read CDC's and McGill's websites. Remember that 64% infections clear within 6 months, 80% within 12 months. When researchers looked at the 10 most prevalent types of HPV, they noted 36% of prevalent infections persisted after six months, 20% persisted to 12 months, 13% persisted to 18 months and 9% persisted to 24 months (95% CI for all). source Remember that HPV is not for life. Most HPV infections in young men and women are transient, lasting no more than one or two years. Usually, the body clears the infection on its own. It is estimated that the infection will persist in only about 1% of women. It is those infections that persist which may lead to cancer. There is some research that suggests that the virus can hide deep in the affected mucosa or skin for several years, below detectable levels. These are called “latent” infections. Having an HPV-positive test followed by an HPV-negative test might mean two different things: that the virus has been completely cleared by the body, or that the level of infection is so small that laboratory tests cannot detect it. Thus, HPV might “reappear” several years after an infection (whether or not it was treated) when the immune system weakens (because of aging, pregnancy, illness, etc. ) and then cause lesions. It is unknown what proportion of HPV infections go latent, nor what proportions are truly cleared by the body. If you have CIN then calm down too: HPV infection is necessary but not sufficient to develop CIN. More than 90% of infections are spontaneously cleared by the immune system within one year without treatment. Approximately 60% of CIN 1 lesions regress without treatment and less than 1% progress to cancer. However, it is estimated that 5% of CIN 2 and 12% of CIN 3 cases will progress to invasive cancer if untreated. In general, it takes 10 to 20 years for CIN to progress to cancer, allowing a significant time period for detection and treatment. Progression from CIN to cancer requires persistent HPV infection. Co-factors associated with persistent HPV infection and progression of disease include smoking, HIV infection, and other types of immunosuppression. source Start eating healthy food. Previous studies have reported that women with lower intakes of vegetables and fruits as well as vitamins A, C, and E have a higher risk of high grade CIN and CC [9, 12]. Accordingly, our study highlighted the protective role of the prudent dietary pattern, a Mediterranean-like diet pattern, which was negatively associated with the risk of CIN2+. Particularly, CIN2+ risk was lower among women with medium–high adherence, compared to those with low adherence to the prudent pattern. source People who eat fruits and vegetables, which happen to be good sources of antioxidants and other phytochemicals, have a lower risk of heart disease and some neurological diseases, and there is evidence that some types of vegetables and fruits in general, protect against a number of cancers as epidemiological studies revealed, without providing the answer whether any specific bioactive molecules within fruit and vegetable have a special contribution on lower incidence. However, 80% of American children and adolescents and 68% of adults do not eat five portions a day. Inadequate dietary intakes of vitamins and minerals are widespread, most likely due to excessive consumption of energy-rich, micronutrient-poor, and refined food. source You can check Sten Ekberg's YouTube channel about keto and low-carb diet. Don't smoke, don't drink too much, don't do drugs. Multiple studies have found both smoking and alcohol use to be significant risk factors of persistent oral and genital HPV infection. It has been proposed that the carcinogens in cigarette smoke increase viral load as well as the likelihood of cancerous transformation of the epithelial cells infected with HPV. source You don't need to take any supplements to clear infection, however many people like to "do something", just to feel better. If you have low risk HPV infection you can think about i. e. combined therapy with Inosine Pranobex or oral Zinc. If you have high risk HPV infection you can think about i. Inosine Pranobex or medicinal mushrooms. See this post about food supplements and immunostimulants. but remember: healthy lifestyle is enough to clear HPV infection. Daily exercise is a good idea. Check Team Body Project channel on YouTube. Personally I don't like exercises, but I started 2 months ago with this one: If you think too much about HPV then focus on something else, do something. Read books? Travel? Watch Netflix? HBO? Cook? Exercise? Play on PlayStation 4? Xbox One? Listen to The Good Life Radio? Read what different doctors say about HPV infections: “HPV is extraordinarily common and is the most common sexually transmitted disease. Almost every sexually active person gets exposed to at least one, if not several, of the 15 carcinogenic viruses, ” said Mark Schiffman, MD, head of the HPV unit at the Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). “If you’ve got HIV, you’ve got HIV, but if you’ve got HPV, you’re about to not have HPV, ” Schiffman said. “Nine out of 10 times you don’t have it in two years. Maybe your body suppresses it like chickenpox, maybe it is completely gone, but the result is that you are OK. ” “If you look at the curve, what it shows is that if you wait six months, you’ve gotten rid of half your worry, ” Schiffman said. Many people cleared HPV infections. Read their stories: After HPV clearance it's possible to get reinfected with the same strain so if you can then get the vaccine (Gardasil or Gardasil 9) 3. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (F. A. Q) Q: Can I upload my photos to r/HPV? No, you can't. There are special subreddits such as r/IsThisHPV r/genitalwarts r/Warts where you can upload your photos. Besides of that only a real doctor can diagnose you. Some people think that Fordyce spots, Vestibular papillomatosis, Pearly penile papules or Molluscum are warts. Q: Will I have genital warts forever? Only ~1% people with low risk HPV have recurrent genital warts. Q: Will I have oral warts? Around 0. 5% people have oral warts and 5% people with HIV, so there is no need to panic about oral warts. If you want to get a proper diagnosis then see ENT (Ear Neck Throat) doctor. Oral warts are usually asymptomatic, may be persistent or uncommonly, may regress spontaneously. HPV-associated oral warts have a prevalence of 0. 5% in the general population, occur in up to 5% of HIV-seropositive subjects, and in up to 23% of HIV-seropositive subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy. source Q: Should I vaccinate myself if I have / had HPV infection? Check these links and decide by yourself: (18)31163-6/fulltext search r/HPV for "HIPvac" Q: I'm scared of HPV vaccine. I saw many scary stories on anti-vaxx websites. See this PDF file: Q: I have many questions but I can't see a doctor. What can I do? Check this website: Q: Should I disclose my active/previous infections? Check this link: Q: Is HPV for life? Comment from r/Virology /u/CJay07 I studied HPV for my PhD work, and the statement that "HPV is with you for life" isn't accurate. Most sexually active individuals are infected with HPV at one point during their lifetime. Epidemiological estimates range from 60-80% by the time you reach your forties. However, most infections are cleared by the immune system within a few months. A small subset of those individuals that do not clear the virus maintain a persistent infection (~1-2 years), but even those infections get cleared. An even smaller set of people go on to cancer. By that time however, the virus is generally long gone. One common situation in HPV-associated cancer is where the viral genome accidentally becomes a part of the host chromosome and the oncogenic (tumor promoting) elements of the virus become constitutively expressed. Those elements lead to rapid cell growth, among other things. Despite a little bit of the viral genome present at this stage, no viral particles can (or will be) produced. HPV infects basal epithelial stem cells, which are self renewing and give rise to the rest of the skin architecture. Here, the virus is maintained as an episome (viral DNA tethered to the host chromosome). There are no in tact virus particles here. Just viral DNA. It takes about three weeks for daughter cells (cells produced from the epithelial stem cells) to reach the surface, and it is not until during the final stages of cellular differentiation (cells becoming keratinized, stratifying, forming the uppermost layers of the skin) that you actually get the production of infectious virus particles. The virus coat (capsid), which envelops and protects the viral DNA, is produced very late during skin differentiation. This is a very fancy mechanism for immune evasion if you think about it. The superficial layers of the skin are not routinely surveyed by the immune system (because these cells are going to die), so by the time HPV expresses its most immunogenic products (the capsid proteins), immune cells are rarely to be found. This is one thought for how HPV can persist for so long (months to years), although the virus has many other "tricks" up its sleeve to hide from the immune system. With all that being said, when I say "virus is cleared", I mean the viral DNA is gone from its reservoir cell (the epithelial stem cell). Once that is gone, you don't have new viral particles being produced, and those particles that are hanging out on/in the skin will be lost during the natural turnover of the skin. This process wouldn't take long. It's more on the order of weeks, rather than years. Q: What is low risk HPV clearance time? Information submitted by /u/IvoryHorse: Q: Why HPV clearance takes so much time? The host’s immune response to HPV infection (humoral immunity, mainly IgG) is usually slow, weak, wane over time, and varied considerably with many women not seroconverting. Generally, close to half of the individuals seroconvert to L1 protein of HPV 16, 18, or 6 within 18 months. Other HPV antigens [E1, E2, E6, and L2] do not evoke any antibody responses in patients with acute or persistent HPV infection. Natural infection-elicited antibodies may not provide complete protection to HPV over time. A recent WHO position paper stated that host antibodies, mostly directed against the viral L1 protein, do not necessarily protect against subsequent infection by the same HPV genotype. source Q: I'm worried about oral HPV... I'm worried about GWs transmission... Please read answers made by dr Handsfield: Oral HPV questions and Genital warts transmission on Ask the Experts website. More informations about oral HPV: Q: What are the first-line treatments against genital warts? You can try Cryotherapy, Imiquimod / Aldara, Podophyllotoxin, Veregen, Laser surgery. Don't use Podophyllin. The problem with all treatments is that there are high recurrence rates. Q: How about urethral warts? You can ask your doctor about Laser surgery, electrocauterization (painful), ingenol mebutate (expensive) or photodynamic therapy. Q: I'm gay. What doctor should I see? Urologist/dermatologist for external genital warts. Proctologist for internal genital warts. Remember about vaccination and regular anal pap smears. Q: What are the first-line treatments against nongenital warts? Salicylic acid and Cryotherapy. Check this article: Q: How to use Podophyllotoxin? How to use Imiquimod? How to use...? Always read leaflets Always check possible side-effects Follow your doctor's instructions (unless they are not correct i. contradicts informations from the leaflets) Q: How effective are treatments against genital warts? See this PDF: Another study: The most efficacious treatments compared to placebo were surgery (RR 10. 54; CI 95% 4. 53–24. 52), ablative therapy + imiquimod (RR 7. 52; CI 95% 4. 52), and electrosurgery (RR 7. 10; CI 95% 3. 47–14. 53). SUCRA values confirmed the superiority of surgery (90. 9%), ablative therapy + imiquimod (79. 8%), and electrosurgery (77. 1%). The most efficacious patient-administered treatments were podophyllotoxin 0. 5% solution (63. 5%) and podophyllotoxin 0. 5% cream (62. 2%). source Q: My doctor suggested podophyllin against genital warts. Should I use it? Read this PDF: Q: Which treatments should I use? Ask your doctor/s. They finished medical schools and get money from you. Let them do their job. If your doctor is ignorant then find a better one. Q: My doctor gave me Podophyllotoxin... My doctor gave me Imiquimod / Aldara… can I use it more often? I'm really desperated. No. Don't do it. You will get serious side-effects. Stick to the instructions from your doctor and from the leaflets. One time I used Podophyllotoxin for 3. 5 days (it should be used for 3 days) and it created small wounds in my genital area. It wasn't a nice experience. Q: What is the cheapest/easiest way to lower chances for GW recurrences? Propably it's genital warts removal combined with oral Zinc or Zinc Sulphate. Unfortunately Zinc can cause side-effects in some people. Always read the original clinical studies to know all details (i. about dosage) Q: Can Zinc be useful against nongenital warts? See this PDF: Oral Zinc for warts. Q: Many clinical studies are locked behind pay walls. What to do? Please use website. Usually it's enough to copy and paste DOI to download PDF with selected clinical study. Q: Are there any medicines that boosts immune system? Yes, there is Inosine Pranobex and it's quite popular in central Europe. Unfortunately it can cause some side-effects. The generic names of Inosine Pranobex are i. Groprinosin, Neosine. You can check the leaflet: PDF file. Q: What is the cheapest supplement that might be useful against high risk HPV infections? Propably it's Casein hydrolysate and some vitamins. Unfortunately it tastes terrible. You can check the study about HuPaVir that contains Casein hydrolysate: Q: Are there any new therapies against genital warts? There is ISDIN Verrutop, which can be used against nongenital and genital warts. It's made in Spain but can be ordered from online shop in Portugal. ISDIN Verrutop should be applied by health professionals. Check its leaflet: LINK. Q: Is it safe to get pregnant soon after LEEP procedure? It will be better if you will wait at least 12 months. Five hundred ninety-six patients met inclusion criteria. Median time from LEEP to pregnancy was significantly shorter for women with an spontaneous abortion (20 months, interquartile range 11. 2–40. 9 vs. 31 months, interquartile range 18. 7–51. 2, p-value 0. 01), but did not differ for women with a term birth compared to preterm birth. Women with a time interval shorter than 12 months compared to 12 months or more had a significantly increased risk for spontaneous abortion (17. 9% vs. 4. 6%, aOR 5. 6, 95%CI 2. 5–12. 7). source Q: Are there any new therapies for women? Please check this study about gel called Biguanelle: LINK and Papilocare: LINK. Q: Are there any effective laser therapies (besides laser surgery)? There is photodynamic therapy (effective against genital warts and CIN) By 1 week after the last treatment, the complete clearance rate was 95. 93% in the ALA‐PDT group and 100% in CO2 laser group (P>0. 05). The clearance rate of CA at male urethral orifice was100% in the ALA‐PDT group and 100% in the CO2 laser group (P>0. The overall recurrence rate calculated by the end of the entire follow‐up period was significantly lower in the ALA‐PDT group than that in the CO2 laser group (9. 38% vs 17. 39%, P<0. source All patients achieved complete clinical remission one week after the last session of treatment, and human papillomavirus loads decreased significantly. Six months follow-up after completion of therapy, none of the patients had recurrence. source and Pulsed Dye Laser therapy (effective against genital and non genital warts). Complete resolution of treated warts was achieved in 96% of lesions. Side effects were limited, transient and infrequent. Lesion recurrence rate was 5%. source Unfortunately both therapies are not available for the most people. Q: What are the recurrence rates for genital warts? You can find the answer for this question (and other basic questions) in CDC manual. Recurrence of anogenital warts within 3 months is common (approximately 30%), whether clearance occurs spontaneously or following treatment. Q: I have strong genital warts outbreaks. Why? There are many possibilities, for example: HIV immunodeficiency uncontrolled diabetes Q: I have Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Is there any hope for me? Please check clinical studies about RRP and Gardasil. You can also check the studies about MVA E2 therapeutic vaccine. Q: I don't have a health insurance. Can I use Apple Cider Vinegar? ACV? ACV can cause chemical burns, scars or make your skin thicker. It's always better to see a doctor than try not reliable "home remedies". If you live in the USA then Planned Parenthood clinics should be affordable. Q: Can I shave my genital area? It's better to trim genital hair than shave. Q: Where can I find the informations about different HPV strains? Is there any list of different strains? Check this PDF file: Q: Are there any therapeutic vaccines? There aren't any comercially available therapeutic vaccines, however there are some vaccines that showed efficiency in clinical studies: MVA E2, intralesional, very effective, tested in Mexico. It's intralesional, so can be used against GWs, CIN and RRP. VGX-3100, less effective, but there is a big corporation behind it. It can be used against high risk HPV. BLS-M07, oral vaccine actually being tested in South Korea. Besides of that some scientists / dermatologists use: Intralesional MMR vaccine (off-label usage) against genital and nongenital warts. Intralesional Candida antigen (off-label usage) against nongenital warts. Intralesional BCG vaccine (off-label usage) against nongenital warts. Search Google Scholar for more informations about each vaccine. Q: Can nongenital wart spread to genital area? Can genital wart spread to nongenital area? In the most cases - no. Some HPV strains know how to infect either areas with mucosa (i. penis, vagina, anus, mouth) or normal skin. Unfortunately one study showed that HPV7 can infect both areas: PCR screening for HPV7 in other 190 individual AGW specimens revealed 25 positive cases (13. 16%), of which the amplified fragments were sequenced and confirmed to be HPV7 sequences. Although HPV7 was generally found in hand warts and recently also in warts in toe webs, our data suggested that the role of HPV7 in AGW should be considered in the future clinical test and vaccine development for AGWs. source Q: How about hand-to-genital HPV transmission? Clinicians can reassure their patients that HPV transmission is unlikely to occur through hand-to-genital contact. The majority of genital HPV infections are likely to be caused by genital-to-genital sexual transmission. source Q: Can low-risk HPV strains cause carcinomas and HSIL? It's rare but possible. Anal squamous cell carcinomas are predominantly associated with high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), particularly HPV 16, similar to cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancers. Although the presence of “low‐risk” HPVs, in particular genotypes 6 and 11, have occasionally been reported in various HPV‐related anogenital cancers, the overall distribution of these genotypes in the anal canal and perianal tissue may differ to that in the cervix. In addition, although the majority of anal and perianal cancers are associated with HPV, some are not; hence, confirmation of direct association of the virus within a lesion is important. Using laser capture microdissection, anal and perianal invasive carcinomas and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in biopsies previously associated with HPV 6 or 11 alone were isolated from tissue sections and HPV genotype tested. Of seven cases tested, four invasive carcinomas were positive for HPV 6 only, one invasive carcinoma was negative for HPV and two HSILs were positive for HPV 11 only. All samples were confirmed as HPV 16/18 negative using two different DNA targets (E6 and L1). From these results, we confirm that HPV 6 and 11 can occasionally be associated with high‐grade lesion and anal cancer. source Q: Can high-risk HPV mimic genital warts? Studies have shown that oncogenic genotypes 16 and 18 may be also related with condylomatous lesions in nearly 12% of cases. Moreover, HPV-driven VSCC and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) are mainly related to HPV-16, although other HPV subtypes are also frequent. It has been proven that approximately 10-15% of women with vulvar HPV-changes have genital warts on the cervix, and 50% of them show cytological and colposcopic evi- dences of HPV infections. Therefore, inappropriate treatment of both low and high-risk HPV sub- types infections carries a significant risk factor for the development of precursor lesions and neoplasia. source Q: I'm a male. Should I know something more about HPV? Yes, please see this article: Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections in Men as a Factor for the Development of Cervical Cancer. Q: Is it possible to get tested? Can males get tested? If you are a woman, then you can ask your doctor for a pap smear and HPV test. Besides of that some companies offer HPV testing, however their tests are not approved by FDA. See this quote: Many are methods for HPV detection used in cervical cancer screening as well as in the study and management of patients with cytological alterations of the lower genital tract. Need for HPV detection methods in men are numerous: screening for both partner/gender; anogenital warts; recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; HPV-related cancer in men; fertility. No HPV test for men has been approved by the FDA, nor has any test been approved for detection of the virus in areas other than the cervix. Many are methods for HPV detection that have shown their usefulness in some of the pathologies associated with male HPV but, despite this, none of them has been approved for man. source Q: Is pap smear a HPV test? No. Pap smear checks if there are any abnormal cells. HPV PCR test checks if there are any HPV strains in the selected area (i. cervix). Doctors can take samples for pap smear and HPV test during 1 procedure. See the CDC website: Q: How about acetowhite test? The sensitivity of the acetowhite test for hyperplastic warts is very high, but for other types of warts is low. Detection of subclinical HPV-infected areas is difficult; the acetowhite test did not assist in the identification of additional areas of infection in our patients. source Q: How about HPV and IUD or contraceptives? Check the post submitted by /u/MysteriousPace2: Research on IUDs and HPV. Q: I would like to try medicinal mushrooms... Unfortunately lots of food supplements contain useless starch and many companies lie about their products. They sell placebo and use mumbo-jumbo language. You can check results of one research: Evaluation on quality consistency of Ganoderma lucidum dietary supplements collected in the United States. If you want to use medicinal mushrooms then always use extracts and check their active ingredients (i. beta-glucans, triterpenes, cordycepin). Q: I would like to know something more about...? Please open Google Scholar and use keywords that are interesting for you. You can also search Ask the Experts website. QUICK LINKS = MORE INFORMATIONS Genital warts Recurrent genital warts Nongenital warts - common warts, plantar warts, periungual warts... CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 Immunostimulants: Inosine Pranobex, AHCC, medicinal mushrooms, Zinc...

Hello again everyone, I hope all of you have been well. I have finally found the time to add some sources and citiations alongside my previous predictions which can be found here. If any of the citations provided don't work or aren't correct, please feel free to yell at me profusely and I will fix them/replace them during my next revision. I should also starkly note, many of these articles that I included were released after my original post, and so also demonstrate the rapid changes that we are presently experiencing in the coming future. I will keep this disclamer that I am not omniscient, and so I can't predict every natural distaster, international conflict, unforeseen catastrophes, or any other incredibly important catalysts that could accelerate the decline in our standards of living. I will try to briefly touch on these issues, but it is enough to just be aware that these things could happen at any time, unpredictably. And with that once again out of the way, lets start shall we? ~2020-2030: The Near Future Nature The Actic Ice extent reaches historic lows semi-regularly (possible BOE). [1] The Northwest Passage becomes a common navigable summer/fall route for shipping. [2] Permafrost melt will continue to visibly accelerate, as the unusual arctic warming caused by the rising CO2 levels continues to get worse. [3] Due to this unusual arctic warming, the polar vortex will start to break down and become unstable, which will cause an increase in the severity and regularity of extreme weather fluctuations. [4. 1] [4. 2] The Brunt Ice shelf breaks off of Antarctica, as does other unstable ice-shelfs which have not yet started to noticeably crack. [5] Coral reefs worldwide undergo yet more annual rounds of bleaching, destroying many habitats and potentially wiping them all out. [6] Red tide comes again to the east coast of the USA, which will more than likely become a new common phenomenon that occurs. The red tide zone may also expand into neighborhing regions, and humans may for now step in to prevent the worst outcomes [7] Dead zones in the sea becomes ever the more larger, as anoxic water, phosphorus/nitrogen rich waters, plastic, and other contaminations kills the ocean wildlife. [8. 1] [8. 2] [8. 3] [8. 4] As well, the pecentage of plastic content in our oceans becomes ever the more larger and noticeable. The rate of pollution does not slow down. [9] Hurricanes will begin to be seen as consistently common events to be expected, rather than a once in a while catastrophe [10] Regions which never experienced hurricanes before will now get to experience the fun of deadly weather [11. 1] [11. 2] Droughts, floods, and other erratic and unusual weather systems will be noticeably commonplace in regions which had never before experienced it. [12. 1] [12. 2] [12. 3] [12. 4] Wildfires becomes an annual occurrence in regions which are wooded, and are now prone to droughts. Over time, these forests will be destroyed by the fires, and for now, humans will step in to contain the worst outcomes of uncontrolled fires. [13. 1] [13. 2] [13. 3] [13. 4] The destruction of forests for pasture/farm land will also continue. Many of these forests also effect the environment that they're in (such as the Amazon Forest's cloud seeding), and this deforestation will have unforeseen consequences for the environments around them. [14. 1] [14. 2] Water shortages will start to become uncommon but noticed, and humanitarian efforts will for now eventually step in for the worst affected regions. Conflicts may arise, but they will not be the tragic life or death struggles that we will see in the future. [15. 1] [15. 2] [15. 3] The Ozone layer will continue to deplete if the current uses of it doesn't stop. [16] More species will die due to human activities and climate change, but humans will only be subconsciously aware of the lack of wildlife that are around them, and the underlying ecosystems will not unravel just yet. [17] Society A probable recession, or depression, catalyzed by international politics. [18] Wealth inequality only worsens, and unless new governments are voted in to fix these issues, societal stresses to the lower classes will increase [19. 1] [19. 2] The increasing use of cyber warfare through social media campaigns, intelligence gathering, and the building of resentment amongst citizens to destabilize competing nations. [20. 1] [20. 2] [20. 3] Possible conflicts may have already arisen for natural resources such as water, arable land, or oil by the end of this period. 21. 1 [21. 2] [21. 3] A growing number of climate refugees, combined with unforeseen war time refugees and economic refugees, [22. 1] [22. 2] [22. 3] [22. 4] This may cause politics to shift even more to the right as citizens becoming increasingly frustrated with open borders (as seen during the Syrian refugee crisis). [23. 1] [23. 2] Unless something radical occurs, protests will continue to become increasingly common place. Regardless of the specific messages behind the protests, it'll all be fueled by a percieved disenfranchisment, wealth inequality, and a growing sense of resentment amongst nations (internal and external). [24. 1] [24. 2] [24. 3] 24. 4 [24. 5] [24. 6] Terrorism that never really stops, but becomes increasingly normalized as governments try to combat a fight which they can't win (i. e. without becoming authoritarian). [25. 1] [25. 2] In response to terrorism, western nations will lose more freedoms in the name of safety, but this loss of freedom will not yet be used maliciously. [26. 1] [26. 2] [26. 3] Other nations, such as India, China, Russia, etc, will not tolerate extremism, and will swiftly deal with terrorism using the force of action (forshadowing how they will deal with the upcoming climate crisis). [27. 1] [27. 2] [27. 3] Global awareness for an "impending catastrophe" (without the knowledge of exactly what) will be mainstream. Denialism will of course still exist, but they will start to be seen as 'fringe' due to demographic changes (i. older people dying). [28. 1] [28. 2] A growing polarization of politics, as tensions around the world increase from a mixture of all of the above points. ~2030-2040: The Distant Future Many of the things that happened during the Near future will also occur in the Distant Future (increasingly erratic temperature fluctuations, the death of coral reefs, an increasing red tide, anoxic waters, an increasing amount of plastic pollution, floods and droughts, desertification, water shortages, terrorism, etc). The effects of these are very likely to be worse than before. Nature The arctic ice, if it has not melted yet, would have almost certainly experienced at least one Blue Ocean Event by now. If it has not, at the very least the older ice within the Arctic would have almost all melted, with only the thinner, newer ice remaining. [29. 1] [29. 2] Due to the warming arctic, the Northwest Passage is now navigable for most, if not all, of the year. It now becomes cheaper to ship stuff from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Yay! [30. 1] [30. 2] However, because of this loss of ice, Arctic ecosystems start to fail, and many species will be irreparably lost. Boo! [31] The northern hemisphere experiences even warmer temperatures as the polar vortex becomes destabilized. Europeans/North Americans will recieve the worst of the warming (as seen by the record breaking temperatures recently). [32] Desertification continues in the already existing deserts (Sahara, Gobi, Atacama, the American deserts etc). New areas which, due to climate change, experience frequent droughts may also start the process of desertification. [33. 1] [33. 2] Depending on how bad the arctic melts are, the polar vortex may form a di/tripole system, meaning arctic warming intensifies. [34. 1] [34. 2] Permafrost, if it melts in large enough quantities may engage a process called a Clathrate gun. I'm not sure when this will occur, however, but the possibility is always there. [35] Antarctica will continue to melt increasingly faster. I would assume that it will take a while to melt completely, but it will nevertheless consistantly raise the levels of the oceans as time goes on. [36. 1] [36. 2] And with that, the sea level will indeed continue to rise, possibly flooding the lowest laying islands. Certain island nations may now cease to exist due to a lack of land above water. [37. 1] [37. 2] [37. 3] Depending on how bad the ice melt is, the North Atlantic Current may start to slow, or break down. The consequences for this is still yet unknown, but many theorize that Europe may cool down. [38. 1] [38. 2] However, I disagree with the above point, since that scenario implies that the Arctic ice is actively cooling down the European continent. Once the arctic ice melts, I believe there will be no temperature gradient between the arctic and the equator during the summer (due to the tilt of the earth, the 24-hour arctic sunshine, and with no ice to reflect all that energy). This implies the desertification of southern Europe, tropical conditions in northern Europe (without healthy ecosytems due to a failure for plants to rapidly adapt), stronger hurrcanes which reaches further north than what is possible today, and unusually severe continental weather in Eastern Europe/Russia (i. record breaking highs during the summers, and moderately cool/warm temperatures throughout the winter). For North America it'll be similar, with the same severe continental weather that will similarly hit Canada and the US. [39] Crop failures. They will start to become commonplace, but for now at least, humans have the upper hand. GMO's, chemicals, and other technologies will save us from a complete famine (excluding the third world, which depending on each countries circumestances, may experience unrest/famine). [40. 1] [40. 2] [40. 3] [40. 4] [40. 5] [40. 6] [40. 7] [40. 8] Certain agricultural products which, if available at all, may become scarce in the first world. [41. 1] [41. 2] Farmer subsidies begin to grow even more, and people wonder what will happen to the crops that they need to eat in the future. [42. 1] [42. 2] Depending on how many annually flammable forests are still left, wildfires may still be occurring. [43. 1] [43. 2] [43. 3] Ocean dead zones become even larger, and clearly noticeable to humans [44. 1] [44. 2] Ocean fish stocks plummet where over fishing occurs, and certain seafoods become expensive/scarce/extinct. [45. 1] [45. 2] [45. 3] The increasingly warming oceans will produce even stronger hurricanes, and in unusual places. A few record breaking hurricanes will have probably occured by the end of this period, but hypercanes and other super storms will not quite yet be a rare occurance. [46] Nations (specifically island nations) which experience devastating hurricanes annually may have already collapsed. [47. 1] [47. 2] [47. 3] The Holocene extinction becomes even more noticeable as a good number of insects, birds, large predators, and other forms of life which can't adapt as fast as their changing environment, die. [48] Society At least one (probably two) worldwide depressions/recessions should have occurred by the end of 2040, and so the unforeseen consequences that goes along with it would have become widespread and noticable. [49. 1] [49. 2] Many theorize that peak oil may have occurred by this time. This would mean an increase in oil price, the scarcity of oil, a breakdown of international supply chains, and conflicts within regions with abundant oil. However, I believe this will occur in the Far Future. [50] Conflicts over natural resources, if nothing has yet occurred, will probably be seen as inevitable in their near future. [51. 1] [51. 2] Incoming climate refugees becomes an international crisis again, as socio-economic supply chains becomes strained under an increasingly hostile world. Nations which can't themselves become self-sustainable (or at least, not starve) will inevitably fail. Migration from these states that are not blessed with stability (such as we now see right now in Syria and Venuzuela, but globally) will spill over into neighboring regions. [52. 1] [52. 2] Nations which are authoritarian will swiftly deal with refugees using carrots (assimilation) and sticks (genocide). [53. 1] [53. 2] Other, more morally responsible nations, will continue to struggle with incoming climate refugees. This, combined with wealth inequality, and the increasing scarcity of resources, will inevitably spark conflicts amongst the lower classes. [54. 1] [54. 2] [54. 3] [54. 4] The freedoms in western nations which were taken away in the name of safety will continue, as well as newer restrictions (possible media censorship, a further decrease in internet privacy, water/food rationing, etc). This will be normalized under the generations which will be born, and raised, under these new 'normal' conditions. [[55. 1]]( [55. 2] At the very least the world will become a bi-polar world by now, between the United States and China. Depending on how well India can deal with the upcoming climate crisis, and depending on how integrated the European Union can become (and how they deal with refugees), and depending on how successful Brazil is, there is a strong likelyhood of a multi-polar world developing in the near future. [56. 1] [56. 2] [56. 3] [56. 4] [56. 5] Neo-colonialism will have become rampant. As unrest and famine occurs within the third world, and indeed increasingly so in the first world, many desperate peoples will have no choice but to work for foreigner companies in order to secure a steady pay, a full belly, and security for their families. [57. 1] [57. 2] Depending on the severity of climate change up to this point, the resiliancy of each state, and individual circumstances, certain nation states may have already collapsed, with others filling the power vacuums left behind. [58. 1] [58. 2] [58. 3] A ever more growing polarization of politics, as tensions around the world incresse even more from a mixture of all of the above points. ~2040-2060+: The Far Future I will preface this period by admitting that predictions mean very little here. It's almost certain that any sort of unforeseen consequence would have occured by now (I'm sure you guys can use your imagination). I'll just list the obvious things that I can think of. Many of the things that have occurred in the Near to Distant future will probably continue to increasingly worsen in the Far future. Nature The arctic ice will have been long gone by this point, and the arctic will have been ice free all year round (at the very least, semi-regularly) This will be catastrophic to the stable temperatures that we depend on to grow crops, and without the temperature gradient between the equator and the arctic to power the vortex, this will be the canary in the coal mine for some sort of collapse. [59. 1] [59. 2] [59. 3] The implications for an ice free arctic can't be overstated, since without any ice, the current climate maps that we use can just go out the window. No longer will Northern Europe, Canada, Russia, and Alaska be anywhere near as cold as it is right now, because, why would it? [60. 1] [60. 2] [60. 3] Permafrost collapse (and the clathrate gun hypothesis) becomes fully realized. [61] "There is a huge amount of carbon stored in permafrost. Right now, the Earth's atmosphere contains about 850 gigatons of carbon. (A gigaton is one billion tons—about the weight of one hundred thousand school buses). We estimate that there are about 1, 400 gigatons of carbon frozen in permafrost. So the carbon frozen in permafrost is greater than the amount of carbon that is already in the atmosphere today". Desertification spreads northward due to droughts combined with record breaking temperatures that happen annually across the equator. Those who are living in the affected regions will not have a good time. [62. 1] [62. 2] [62. 3] [62. 4] [62. 5] [62. 6] As ocean temperatures rise, it is unlikely that fish will continue to thrive. There is a chance that certain species may be able to survive in a warming ocean, but overfishing/plastic/pollution will make their success short lived. [63] Extreme weather events become even more extreme (wet bulb temperatures, fatal heatwaves reaching 55c+, deep freezes, etc), as these systems scour the earth with which human need to grow food on, and to live on [64. 1] [64. 2] [64. 3] [64. 4] [64. 5] Many places that are temperate nowadays will be radically changed. The individual weather systems are too complicated to predict, however, the effects are the same (changes which happen to fast for nature to adapt to). [65. 1] [65. 2] Ecosystems collapse worldwide due to a variety of reasons like the death of insects from pesticides, the inability for creatures to adapt to hostile weather, a lack of food, habitat loss, ocean acidification, etc, etc. [66. 1] [66. 2] [66. 3] Crop Failures have become more common due to the increase of extreme weather fluctuations, and farming subsidies are no longer working due to the decrease in GDP growth (for nations which are not blessed with stability, and even so, for some nations which are 'stable') [67] Product shortages become commonplace in the global market place, as a mixture of climate change, crop shortages, and state conflicts over finite resources occurs. Famine becomes an international crisis. As the global poplulation increases, and as erratic weather patterns decrease the amount of usable arable land, there can only be one logical conclusion (and this time, GMO foods won't be the silver bullet). Unless human can grow the food they need, a global famine is inevitable. [68. 1] [68. 2] Society This world will be a much different place than the one we inhabit today, and without going into the specifics, I will try to talk about the general trends which may occur. Peak oil will eventually occur once the known reserves run out. However due to new extraction methods, newly found sources, and the possibility for carbon capture, Peak Oil will probably occure late into the century (60/70s) [69. 1] [69. 2] Neo-colonialism is now the only way to procure resources, since due to the nature of a multi-polar world (assuming Mutually Assured Destruction stays true, and if everyone hasn't blown themselves up), conflicts will inevitably arise in a finite environment. Likely this will be in the form of proxy wars by the Great Powers, and civil/conventional wars for minor powers. Conflicts will be over water, arable land, precious metals, oil, and other resources. [70. 1] [70. 2] By now, while noting the decline in global stability through the rejection of the western-backed United Nations by rivalling major powers such as China and friends, it is possible that a nuclear exchange could have occured by now (most likely from Pakistan/India over water). I am unsure what this will exactly entail for the international community, but nonetheless, hundreds of thousands (if not millions) would die. [71. 1] [71. 2] [71. 3] [71. 4] [71. 5] Wealth inequality, if never addressed, is the worst it will ever be for those who are disenfranchised. If the current trends do not change, then indentured servitude is the only option for those who face starvation (due to the finite amount of food available). [72. 1] [72. 2] [72. 3] The number of incoming climate refugees will regularly reach all time highs, as certain areas which were a home to millions of peoples become inhospitable. This would be from a mixture of reasons like sea water flooding coastal cities, regular floods and droughts, extreme temperatures, crop failures, diseases, etc. [73. 1] [73. 2] The number of climate refugees on the borders of certain nations will become unsustainable. I am uncertain about the exact scenarios that may occur, but the effects are the same; people will flee regions which a great number are dying in, and the nations which can't handle the number of incoming refugees will choose between genocide and collapse (because, in a world of scarcity, will nations want extra mouths to feed? ) [74. 1] [74. 2] So there is my list of easily predictable things that could occur (with sources this time). I do plan on revising this piece until I am at least content with it, which has not happened yet. I may still add some more relevant bullet points, reduce the timeline intervals based on previous feedback, and fully complete the number of citations to make this post as accurate as possible. So in the mean time, enjoy! I hope you guys enjoy browsing it as much as I enjoyed making it.
https://goolnk.com/1lwz6X

Cool upload 5. Everyone is saying weird things about him and Im over here like “okay but hes kinda hot” 🤷🏻‍♀️ I also saw him live 2019 and we fucking amazing.

 

Lost in america poster. Lost in america 1985. Lost in america albert brooks. Artist: Quelle Chris Album: Guns Listen YouTube Spotify Apple Music Bandcamp Background One of Detroit’s true odd-balls, Quelle Chris got his start in 2006 with fellow wordsmith Denmark Vessey, forming the duo known as Crown Nation, releasing their debut LP $lutbag Edition in 2008. Linking up with Danny Brown shortly after, Chris is credited as a writer for many of Brown’s early work, even going as far to produce several tracks on The Hybrid. In fact, they ran in such a tight circle that Quelle used the same beat from Danny Brown’s XXX on his 2011 debut solo album Shotgun & Sleek Rifle; (Quelle’s “MTFO” uses the same beat as Brown’s “Nosebleeds”). Quelle began his rise to underground prominence after his 2017 album Being You Is Great! I Wish I Could Be You More Often was met with critical acclaim, landing at #26 on Anthony Fantano’s end of year list, #11 on Rolling Stone’s best rap albums of 2017, and #12 on bandcamp’s end of year list. Quick to follow up what was clearly his best album yet, shortly after getting engaged to legendary underground MC Jean Grae, these two came together in 2018 to release their collaborative effort Everything’s Fine, which was somehow even more well received than Being You Is Great. It was awarded Best New Music by Pitchfork, and was hailed as the best album of 2018, landing at #1 on bandcamp’s end of year list. After two albums in back to back years, both of which are widely regarded as his best works, a big question arose. Could Quelle keep this hot streak alive? Would he be able to continue making his unique, odd-ball flavor of hip-hop work in his favor, or would his nasal tone and eclectic beat selection come off as self-indulgence for the sake of self-indulgence? On March 29, 2019, Chris was given the chance to confirm whether his past two albums success were an outlier, or if he would finally cement himself in this decade’s underground hall of fame. Album Review In Quelle’s own words, from his bandcamp page: Guns is an arsenal of both sounds, styles and subjects. At its core it’s about things that can be weaponized for good or evil, including ourselves. The words we say, what we fear, how we love, how we live, what we ingest, what we believe in, who we idolize, shit like that. Somewhat a sonic study of the question “do ‘guns’ kill people or do people kill people? On Guns, Quelle examines not only the obvious sources of violence in American society, the literal guns, but the root cause(s) of where these violent urges stem from. “Guns” simultaneously acts as a metaphor for how institutions are weaponized to hold people down, as well as the weapons we have to fight back against an inherently corrupt system. Quelle explores these concepts with beautiful intricacy and depth. LITERALLY (more patriotic than pie) With a title like Guns, you might expect Quelle to utilize an aggressive sonic direction, using the beats to act as a metaphor for the loud and violent state guns exist within. However, Quelle instead opts to let his pen sprawl the concept. With the opener “Spray and Pray”, producer Dane sets the tone of the album with a simple kick and snare pattern featuring a thicc snare, while a tall, walking bassline backs the drums, creating an unsettling, yet simultaneously comforting vibe for Quelle to spit his socially conscious bars with his trademark mellow and monotone flow. At only 1:30, Quelle is able to pack a surprising amount of thought provoking bars into the brief track. Quelle sets the lyrical tone of the album, nailing several major points regarding gun culture in America with multiple tightly packed one liners. Mentioning his original friend cohort and their eventual lifestyle change, concluding that a 401k is more useful than an AK-47. Commenting on the culture surrounding gun safety that he has experienced; where young people refuse to utilize their safeties, and how that mentality translates into adults who are intentionally reckless with their arms. The most poignant piece of commentary here is found in the bridge, where Quelle uses “all guns for hire” as a metaphor for the massive lobbying power provided to the NRA, who use that power to spread misinformation regarding gun violence in order to maintain the current status quo. This song ends abruptly, with Quelle seemingly getting ready to go in for a second verse, when he is stopped short by… Praying the climate changing, this game maintained by the youth Watching 'em run and gun 'til they grow up to be like ( gunshot).. guessed it, a gunshot. Quelle uses the opening track as an opportunity to create a library of generic gun violence talking points, almost in an attempt to get them out of the way. This is what the album would be if he were to address this deeply nuanced topic from a strictly surface level perspective. Instead, we are blessed with Quelle diving deeper into the social and cultural aspects of gun violence on the following track. We then dive directly into the title track “Guns”, opening with a cascade of jazzy piano keys and a super smooth synth chord progression to compliment it, which then breaks into these double time opened snare claps, providing Quelle an up-tempo, bright and colorful backdrop to spit hyper conscious lyrics, beginning with the foundation as to what drives American’s obsession with guns. Not unlike many different cultural phenomena, Quelle views the American fanaticism with guns as a learned cultural expression. He provides a few examples of how a weapon, that ideally should be used for protection, can be normalized in a person’s youth to the point where it’s not viewed as a weapon anymore. If a twenty-two caliber bullet is viewed as “more patriotic than pie”, or if you learned how to fire a weapon before you could even spell, then gun use has been deeply ingrained into your psyche and is now a standard aspect of your life. However, it’s not simply the presence of guns that has been normalized; it’s the misuse of these weapons as toys, and their appropriation as status symbols that has been normalized. The bigger your guns, the stronger you are. This is a fallacy that Quelle builds around for the duration of this album. In the second verse, Quelle is able to extrapolate the idea that guns are an integral part of American culture, imagining himself in the shoes of someone who was raised with this world-view, reacting to some of the proposed gun control measures. They hollering give me back my bullets, Lynyrd Skynyrd, new Van Zants If you own it, then you'll pull it, maybe so, probably not They spend billions like civilians won't catch trickle from the top Just to protect or to progress what but little bit we got Bruh-bruh, I'm your friendly neighbor, I stay on yo block I protect and service, I big game, buckshot Ain't no cracking that code, ain't no safety on locks Might as well get you one, procrastinating will get you popped After reeling from the unsurprising animosity to the proposed gun control measures, Quelle attempts to bargain with this “person” (not really an individual, more a representation of a group think). As their “friendly neighbor”, he understands their desire for protection in their neighborhood. Quelle states that even he arms himself; although, it’s likely with a hunting rifle or shotgun. Eventually realizing that there is no “cracking that code”, or getting through to them. If they are not willing to listen, nothing will change, and his only logical course of action is to arm himself at an equal level to his neighbor because, as stated, “procrastinating will get you popped”. This verse does an excellent job of illustrating how the gun control argument in America has progressed on both sides. Instead of being clearly biased, Quelle presents viewpoints from both sides of the argument; showing how deeply ingrained guns are in American culture, and why people might be hesitant to willingly give up an aspect of their culture that they have always known. Simultaneously, it also illustrates the reaction that some people might take when their ideas to curve the widespread violence are immediately rejected; a reaction that will not only not solve the crisis, but exacerbates it. The idea that “if everyone has a gun, we would have no gun violence” only provides a sense of security on an individual level, not a systemic one. All this is subtly expressed through Quelle’s 16 bars. As he progresses in his career, Quelle’s pen has become more and more impressive. Listening to the guy who once wrote a song called Super Fuck spew these incredibly socially conscious lyrics is almost shocking. RACE & THE LAW (for the black, for the white, it’s for all) “Color of the Day” is a simple skit track, taking a subtle jab at law enforcement, and how simply performing mundane activities (walking, shopping, swimming, driving) “while black” is enough to get someone stopped by the police. Really, the skit is meant to provide some context to the following track, “Mind Ya Bidness”. Sounding like something straight out of a 1980’s video game, and further confirmed that’s exactly what Quelle was aiming for, with the music video, the self-produced “Mind Ya Bidness” is a representation of a few things. On the surface, it’s an ultra low-key flex track, with Quelle describing his night at a club. Obviously, the first thing he does before he even leaves his house, is get baked with his wife. But don’t try to take his weed, he’ll have you praying for mercy. He then heads out to the club; the catch here being that Quelle doesn’t like to stunt. I ain't tryna stunt, I post in the back Can't eat with them niggas, most them niggas is actors You ain't got no homies, all your homies is rappers If Quelle’s at the club, he’s hanging out in a back room with his ride or die friends and a shitload of weed. He mentions how he can’t hang with these “actors”, likely meaning other rappers that are putting on a facade. You may have more heads in their section, but they’re not your homies. They’re just dudes who are trying to get put on and chase clout. The chorus outlines a small bit of social commentary with a double meaning, connecting the mellow flex-track to the overarching theme illustrated throughout the record. 'Cause me and mine 'bout to shine, that's for motherfucking sure Feeling VIP, fill a zip full of motherfucking smoke We got brown, we got white and some motherfucking Guinness If Quelle feels like it’s a VIP kinda night, he’s gunna take a zip of weed and head out with his friends. In this case, it’s a mixed crowd (figuratively and literally). He’s got black friends, he’s got white friends, and he uses “Guinness” as a metaphor for his mixed-race friends, as well as the literal interpretation of drinking beers. And ain't nobody here tripping, so mind ya motherfucking bidness This is the double meaning that Quelle is implying throughout the song. If a group of dudes are just chilling and not causing a disturbance, then there’s no real reason for someone (a police officer) to not mind his business and leave them alone. Chris’ poignant social commentary, speaking on the systemic racism that plagues law enforcement officers throughout the US, is illustrated in the music video as well; after being welcomed into the back room of the club and bartering with a dude, he is chased by a pig and put in handcuffs, while a white dude smoking a bong right behind the pig is ignored and gets off scott free. I COULD STAND IN THE MIDDLE OF FIFTH AVENUE AND SHOOT SOMEBODY AND I WOULDN’T LOSE “Mind Ya Bidness” ends with this real life quote from our Orange In Chief ™, delivered via vocal snippet collage, introducing the topic found on the following track. Imagine; it’s 2007 and presidential candidate Barack Obama gets in front of the press and starts talking about the strength of his campaign. He says, “I could stand in the middle of Fifth Avenue and shoot somebody, and I wouldn’t lose any voters”. How do you think this would have been received? I can tell you now, he would have been ostracized by the media and would have lost all the political support he had, nearly immediately. But Donald Trump, a person who had been in the media’s spotlight for ages before he announced his candidacy, can say this and be met with a room full of applause. LAUGHTER. A ROOM FILLED WITH PEOPLE LAUGHED AS HE STATED THAT HE COULD MURDER PEOPLE IN BROAD DAYLIGHT. And then he went on to win the fucking presidency. “It’s The Law (Farewell Goodbye Addio, Uncle Tom)” opens with a plucky, walking bass-line, backing these off-kilter, slowly marching kick-kick-open-snare patterns, creating a beat that’s almost dragging its way through the track; an apt backdrop for the subject matter tackled, beginning with this skit: It's God's and Nature's Law That man attempt to prevail over his fellow man Better to remember, that God is white Would you mind repeating? God is White; and as long as God is white We will prevail over all other races Both of these short skits are meant to outline white privilege; the former in a very real, recent vein, and the ladder in a more conceptual, abstract lane. It’s been well documented that Jesus Christ was not white, yet he is continually portrayed as a white man. Why? Why do people who worship Jesus, the supposed Son of God, insist on viewing him through this white-washed lense? It’s all about control. As long as God, or the Son of God, is white, they will prevail. Both of Quelle’s verses on this track are packed full of metaphors and imagery that depict how white supremacy has been a keystone building block of the foundation of the United States. I’ll breakdown the subtleties of his first verse, as I find it to have some of the most intriguing metaphors and delivery I’ve heard this year. Let he who is without cast the first 'Get-out-of-our-country' Oh, the hypocrisy Another tongue in cheek ode to the democracy To help normalize the day to day atrocities Quelle digs into this concept with brilliance right off the bat, repurposing one of Jesus’s most famous quotes (John 8:7) to call out the double standard of people calling for a wall to keep out “criminals and rapists” By the law of the land, as planned by the man upstairs From Lehem with the long blonde hair The USA was intentionally founded as a country with religious freedom, yet it has somehow been misconstrued as a “Christian Nation” by any number of religious fanatics screaming for America’s laws to more accurately reflect the “morals of the Bible. ” Quelle directly references the fact that Jesus, who was born in Bethlehem, Israel, a middle eastern country, is generally depicted as having long blonde hair. Oh, the irony All these multi-culti hatin' whities Who fetishize some brown on ivory AKA bless the USA In the true blue bloods who trust, American Way Quelle continues to poke holes in their logic, this time with a beautifully executed double entendre. The first of which being that white supremacists, who so vehemently hate black culture, fetishize the words of a brown-skinned Jewish man as the “law of the land”. The second of which being the fact that in todays society, southern states, which are generally associated with rampant racism and hatred of black culture, search for ebony and interracial porn at a far higher rate than the rest of the country. Hate in the name of love Sin ain't a sin if the pen pushes them vs. us From under the ship to behind the truck Behind the truck to the back of the bus Now we makin' it? Or going back where we was? Progress is a long road So buckle up The treatment of African-Americans in this country could easily be viewed as a sin. That is, unless the laws of the US condone it, and until not that recently in terms of our country's history, they very much did. Quelle outlines a brief history of how the rights of African-Americans have progressed in the US, ending with a question. Have we made it? Have we reached a point where African-Americans are considered equal? Or have we regressed? Either way, buckle up, because progress is a long road. This is easily the best verse I’ve heard this year. Not only is it unbelievably witty and well-written, but it’s delivered with such ease from Quelle that you might not even pick up what he’s talking about on first listen because his flows are so smooth and his rhymes are so tightly packed that you just want to listen to how effortless his raps are. This song ends with the final iteration of the chorus... It's the law, it's the law niggas It's for me, it's for y'all, it's for all of us For the straight, for the coochie and the ball lickers It's the law, for the black, for the white, it's for all.. then brings us back to the Donald Trump quote that initially lead us into the song. This is meant to drive the point home that laws are meant for everyone; except the 1%. If you’re part of the 1%, you are more than welcome to threaten murder on national TV; hell, it might even increase your poll numbers. And while historically, the law has been used to oppress people of color, Quelle now realizes that it has moved past just oppressing one race. It’s used as a mechanism to hold people in their current social class, and does not apply to people with money. Class is the new race, which is better for the oppressors, because it’s not illegal to discriminate against poor people. GOD (and so will I… why not? ) Religion was touched on lightly in the previous track, the implication being that religion is the basis for the laws that have been so effectively weaponized to discriminate. “Wild Minks” follows in the tracklist, continuing the theme of religion; this time with a much more metaphorical and abstract approach. The track opens with a lone piano note, and a few simple piano chords following shortly after. A very mellow kick-kick-kick-snare pattern that sounds like it’s been sat on eventually breaks into the track. Quelle added a layer of what sounds like vinyl static to the background of this track, making it feel distinctly lo-fi compared to the rest of the album, which sounds tightly polished and clean. Maybe this is due to the Mach-Hommy feature, whose vocals are consistently muddy and mixed down, even in his own music. Either way, this lo-fi hissing does detract from the verses spit on this song, making appreciating the subtle concept even more difficult. From a sonic standpoint, I’d say this is the low-point for the album. However this sonic shortcoming is more than made up for from a lyrical perspective. “Wild Minks” is, without question, the most complicated and abstract concept approached on this record. I’m going to do my best to break it down for you here, but I urge you to read the lyrics a few times before you read my explanation. A big part of what makes this concept so unique is the perspective from which Quelle writes his verse; blending true aspects of biblical scripture with absurdism, and using that as a metaphor for today’s society. Quelle’s verse here starts out referencing Matthew 3:4, referring to John’s shirt of camel’s hair and his leather belt as “Wild Minks”. He then lays down an intricate and descriptive verse about John The Baptist and how he lived; detailing his affinity for substances, his desire for lavish compensation, his expansive housing, his high quality furs, his expensive diet, and how he’s considered to be cultured and refined by his friend group due to these things. Wait, back up. John The Baptist wasn’t materialistic, was he? He’s considered a Saint in the Christian faith. How could someone who enjoyed such a lavish lifestyle be a literal Saint? As it turns out, very little Quelle details in his verse here is true about how John The Baptist lived. So why fabricate this detailed verse about his lifestyle? What am I missing here? Quelle ends his verse with the perfect summation of the subtle metaphor outlined in this track: Johnny boy wore wild minks, and so will I Why not? Chris uses the “wild minks” that John The Baptist wore as a metaphor to illustrate how religious scriptures can be easily lost in translation, and misinterpreted in ways that are far, even polar opposite, from their original intention. If John The Baptist wore wild minks, what’s so wrong about me wanting to do the same? He was a Saint, after all. First off, a shirt made of camel hair isn’t exactly comparable to a “wild mink”. Even if that’s what it was referring to, during the time he was alive, the fact that he was wearing a wild mink implies that he was living in harsh conditions; he likely hunted those animals in order to stay warm and survive. However, in today’s society, a wild mink coat is considered a lavish and expensive luxury. Viewing this scripture from a strictly surface level perspective might allow one to interpret that living a materialistic lifestyle is condoned by the Bible. His lyrics here reflect the absurdity of what it would have been like if John was to live with lavishness, with delicate complexity, such as: Feasting on meats that was bled from the throat Lambs and goats Wiping the grease from said treats on the sleeves of his coats Matthew 3:4 literally states that John’s diet consisted of locusts and honey. Quelle outlines the habits of today’s ultra-wealthy and re-appropriates them into the context of John The Baptist; making you realize the true absurdity of the way the 1% lives today, a lifestyle that has strayed quite far from what their “God” would condone. Quelle’s verse here very subtly summarizes how scripture can be intentionally misinterpreted for personal gain and selfishness, expressed using extremely complicated and deeply coated metaphors, all of which sound buttery and smooth flowing from Chris, thanks in part to his complex rhyme schemes. This is undoubtedly the most subtle concept in the whole album. No joke, it took me a full week of dissecting these lyrics and studying John The Baptist to piece this metaphor together. P. S. Fuck you and your shitty DMCA takedown requests Mach-Hommy! YOURSELF (i par up bar for bar, pa) While the first half of this album beautifully details the many ways in which our society is designed to hold people back, the second half of this album is about how we can combat it. As individuals, we don’t have the luxury of being able to design our country to benefit the few. We must operate inside the system we’ve been born into, and Chris is aware that the most powerful weapon we have to fight back against a corrupt system is our own success. This is what “Box of Wheaties” represents. As some of you might already know, Quelle Chris recently changed the beat on "Box of Wheaties", presumably due to sample clearance issues. When I discovered this, I went to check his Twitter to see if he mentioned anything about it, and the very first thing I saw was this series of tweets that Quelle had recently pinned. He basically goes off on hating the streaming service industry, and how we are just borrowing music from Big Brother. Really the most essential thing to take away from this, is that buying music is arguably more important than ever. By exclusively streaming music, you don't own any of it. It can be taken away in an instant by any number of frivolous lawsuits artists are slapped with on a regular basis. But, if you buy a physical copy of an album, no one can take it away from you. I'm extremely lucky to have had the foresight to download the album to my phone, which has not yet been changed. However, one day when the data is corrupted, I will have no option but to re-download the tracks, and I will lose the OG version of "Box of Wheaties". BUT, I have the album on vinyl. And although it was pressed with an illegal sample, there is no court that can take away my vinyl. I have that version forever now. Initially, I wondered if I should have my review reflect the original version, or the updated version that new listeners would experience. However, it’s clear from his tweets, this new beat is not what he envisioned or wanted for this album. He put out the version with this sample for a reason. My review will be reflective of the original version. The beat on “Box of Wheaties” (originally) samples Les Hurdle - You’ve Got What It Takes, taking the smooth guitar melody and jazzy drums, pitching them down, and looping it to fit into the slow groove of 88 BPMs that “Box of Wheaties” so comfortably rests at. Chris opens this track with a super catchy chorus, featuring a flurry of internal rhymes and the smoothest delivery you can imagine, listing reasons as to why he thinks you should find his face on a box of Wheaties, a place historically reserved for “Champions”. Chris has been grinding in his profession for a long time. He’s been making music for well over a decade; at this point in his career, he’s 15 albums deep. If you had paid attention, he believes you would find his work is worthy of a spot on a Wheaties Box. Now, if Wheaties were to start including artists (musicians, writers, actors, etc. ) on their prestigious boxes, would Quelle qualify? Based on his overall discography quality at this point, I would say no. In my opinion, he has three albums that are worthy of true praise and accolades, all of which came out within the last 3 years. But that’s not what Chris is alluding to with this metaphor. His point here is, being confident enough to believe that he deserves the Wheaties Box spot is a major factor in manifesting that reality. The way Quelle delivers this hook with absolute confidence in his ability, even mentioning that his raps are good enough to “par up bar for bar, pa” with any rapper in the game today, is an attitude that society could benefit from. Put in the work and know that the accolades will follow. This is exactly what happened with Chris’ work. After grinding for 10+ years, he finally began getting noticed in 2017 with Being You Is Great. Everything’s Fine was named bandcamp’s AOTY in 2018, and he has what I consider to be the best album of 2019 with Guns. But it starts with knowing that you belong there. Your thoughts manifest your reality. Put in the work and know it will come, and it will. SLEEVELESS MINKS (smoke em if you got em) If “Wild Minks” represents the many ways that the elite live to excess, “PSA Drugfest 2003” represents the limited ways that the 99% live in excess. Since most of us don’t have money to blow on lavish clothing, cars, or homes, we’re forced to find ways to cope with the stresses of living in this near-dystopian wasteland, and there is nothing more cost-effective at doing so than drugs. Acting as the follow up to his song “Drugfest TooThousandToo" from his 2015 album Innocent Country, Chris takes the concept previously explored and amplifies the message. In “TooThousandToo”, he utilizes a crowds’ reaction to his mentioning of certain drugs as the litmus test for what drugs are good and what drugs are bad, eventually concluding that weed and mushrooms are the favorites from the crowd. In 2003, Chris has evolved his opinion, throwing caution to the wind with his drug choices. This is made clear right off the bat with his opening line. This town ain't the right size for you and I Six million ways to fly, who's tryna die? Chris is rapping from the perspective of the average American, looking for ways to cope with the insane stresses that the elite have forced us to live with. He isn’t looking to be picky with his high, he just wants it to distract him. He starts with the spliff, but quickly graduates to harder drugs as the weed and nicotine high “got lame”; moving up the drug intensity scale as our drug tolerance increases and our social and economic injustice tolerance decreases. When that shit got lame, we spiced up the game Brought out the blades and lined up cocaine Prefer it off white, but albinos, okay To balance out the jump, we rolled it up Js Making one last bible reference in the chorus here, he relates the American people to the sinners of Sodom and Gamorrah, implying that we would rather be dead than to continue to live in the wasteland that we currently exist within. And let me tell you, in a certain sense, he’s not wrong. LOVE THY NEIGHBOR (trust me tho i seen it) The track “Sunday Mass” is sandwiched between Drugfest and “Straight Shot”. This short, one verse song, delivered by Bilal Salaam, is essentially a laundry list of mass shootings from the past few years. Bilal refers to the Pulse nightclub shooting, the Las Vegas massacre, and the Texas shooting that occurred in a Baptist church, amongst others. This is used to set up the concept of the following track. “Straight Shot” is a representation of a couple things. One, it outlines some of the hopelessness that many of us experience due to the long-term impact of the many weapons that society has pointed at us, be they literal or figurative. We get to watch our neighbors be executed by mad-men with guns on TV on a semi-regular basis, and then walk outside to a world that is literally designed to oppress you and make you complacent. It’s not difficult to see how the combination of horrors we are subjected to regularly can make people feel like there’s no point in being here. I know for a fact that I’ve experienced it, and I’m positive plenty of you have as well. Two, it’s a reminder for people who are feeling this way that there are reasons to stick around. Featuring a verse from Brooklyn native Cavalier, "Straight Shot" is easily one of the most gorgeous and well composed songs on this record. Melancholy piano keys and a single bass note opens the track, followed shortly by Quelle singing the incredibly soulful chorus. He seems to be on the brink of crying, with his voice cracking as he sings along. A skeletal drum kit comes in after the first iteration, followed by a choir of voices singing the bassline melody, before the full drum kit kicks off Quelle’s verse. Chris opens the track with a verse that’s very light, describing himself seeing the good in the world. He paints a picture of himself enjoying life; making the music he loves, laughing at his past pain, and stopping to sniff the flowers. He recognizes that he’s preaching to the choir, as his fanbase are generally people who might be aware of the issues he’s been outlining during the past 35 minutes. Cavalier follows the chorus with a verse that paints a diametric view of the world. He describes his time on “this pitiful stone” as a Sisyphus Stroll, and his desire to leave it all behind. However, Quelle’s perspective in the previous verse has brought him back from the brink. Using absolutely gorgeous imagery to describe his misery, and his eventual conclusion that there are reasons to continue on; Cavalier realizes that the powers that be are the ones making him doubt his worth, and if there’s one thing he loves, it’s an underdog story, and standing against the ruling class in today’s society is about as big of an underdog that you can be. EAT THE RICH (i’m tryna burn this bitch down) The lead single for Guns, “Obamacare” features this absolutely haunting, choppy synth lead pounding away until a short piano melody erupts into the enormously heavy, and honestly sinister beat drop. On the surface, “Obamacare” seems like a simple flex track, with Quelle laying down ultra-confident bars, painting a picture of other rappers being terrified to take Chris on. However, watching the music video, you begin to realize the secondary meaning that he’s attempting to outline; anarchy. Quelle’s hook game has been massively improved, even from his last few records, with the catchy chorus starting off with lyrics that any anarchist would be proud to chant in the streets. I'm tryna burn this bitch down, I ain't tryna break in Fuck your opinion 'bout us, to me don't mean nathan I brought the wave, brought the rain, brought the lake in Eyes on the cake and yours is for the takin', wait man Lyrically painting a picture of a society that is sick of being oppressed by the ruling class and is finally ready to rise up, Chris’ anarchist nature is made very clear in the music video. The chorus features a robber burning down a building and making off with a comically sized money bag, while a cop, in an ironic twist of fate, is stuck behind bars, as well as a literal lake of blood rising while pieces of cake, depicted as boats, float around the blood lake. If you were look at this from a surface level perspective, you would likely see a flex track, as Quelle’s second verse particularly comes off as “look at how much better I’m doing than you”. But watching the video, it becomes clear that he’s rapping from the perspective of the 1%. We see Chris and his “friends” sitting around a table, playing cards, while his verse details some of the privileges the 1% live with; being able to gamble money away while people in the lower classes would significantly notice a few more dollars in the paychecks. Their neighbors are high ranking pharmaceutical industry members with access to any drug they can imagine, vacationing together in southern beach houses, eating steak and eggs until gout forms. These lavish lifestyles are bound to anger the lower classes, who are literally starving. Hence the chorus’ overt “eat the rich” themes. ROMANTIC LOVE & LEGACY (and when i win, we win) Following “Obamacare” as a much needed positive note(s) to end the record on, the album’s love song, which features Quelle’s wife Jean Grae on the refrain, might seem a bit out of place on this album at first glance. However if you’ve made it this far into the review, you can likely conclude that Chris is making the point that finding the right person allows both of you to muddle through this hellscape known as our society with a bit more ease. You hold each other up in times of darkness, and celebrate big in times of light. One person’s victory becomes our victory. Quelle and Jean married in mid 2018, and if you were looking for a compelling reason to keep going on “Straight Shot”, Quelle is letting you know his with “You, Me, & Nobody Else”. Finally, we are brought to the closer “WYRM”. This track shows Quelle ruminating over the idea of his legacy, and how he will be remembered when he’s gone with absolutely gorgeous lyrical expertise, particularly in his first verse. He’s aware that most people who are born into this world are forgotten sooner than later, and the only way to be truly remembered is if you have a worthwhile legacy. Calling back themes previously mentioned throughout the album, he feels like he's done enough to be remembered, but don’t we all? Will you remember me? Am I just a moment for few to see? Another black face rapping nigga on a cash chase? Dozen for a dime, penny for your mind at one time? Chris is aware of the saturation of rappers in the game now and worries that his legacy will be downplayed and forgotten due to the direction he took his art in. Rappers who are making music just for the money are a dime a dozen lately, and he’s concerned that his legacy will be tarnished due to those who aren’t in it for the right reasons. Overview This is by far Quelle’s best album to date, in my opinion. Guns does an unbelievably gorgeous job identifying the many ways our society has been oppressed into submission, while simultaneously summarizing how we can rise above the few and be better people for it with intricate detail. Chris’ lyrics are sharper and more layered than they've ever been, and the self-produced beats are beautiful beyond words. Guns is not only a milestone for Quelle Chris’ career, as this is by far the most cohesive and conceptually brilliant piece of work he’s ever released, but it also represents a breaking point in our society, as well as the framework for how we can better ourselves and the people around us on the long road ahead. Quelle has nailed every aspect of this project, stringing these 13 tracks together into a album that is far greater than the sum of its parts. 9. 2/10 Favorite Lyrics “Guns”: Verse 1 “It’s The Law (Farewell Goodbye Addio, Uncle Tom)” Verse 1 “Wild Minks” Verse 1 "Straight Shot" Verse 2, by Cavalier "Box of Wheaties" Verse 2, by Denmark Vessey Talking Points How does this album compare to the rest of Quelle’s discography? Do you think I’m reaching with some of the points I made during this review? What are your favorite lyrics? How do you think this album will be looked back on in 5 years?

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Hi r/popheads! This is a guide meant for those wishing to improve their comprehension of the Billboard 200. Any corrections from those who are also familiar with the charts is welcome. As with the Billboard Hot 100, the Billboard 200 (BB200) has been going through some changes and has been experiencing some new trends as of late. With this comes people left behind, and with people left behind comes confusion. So, with this guide, I would like to explain the history and some of the inner workings of the Billboard 200. If you’re not interested in learning about the BB200 in depth including a few chart situations that resulted in new chart policies, then simply go straight to the “Recapitulation” section. What is the Billboard 200? (And more! ) A history The Billboard 200 is a record chart published weekly by American trade magazine Billboard; it ranks the most popular albums and EP’s of the week in the United States. It started 24 March 1956. The BB200 did not always exist in its current form; before the BB200 became the BB200, Billboard had already been publishing album charts in different forms and names. Before there was even a weekly chart, there was a precursor to the BB200’s precursors called Best-Selling Popular Record Albums, which had made its debut on 24 March 1945 (, p65). (In this time period, the definition of “album” was relatively loose; albums at this time were mostly just collections of singles instead of singles among album tracks. In fact, the first #1 and #2 were both compilation albums of singles. ) This chart was calculated by weekly survey samples of 200 record shops across the country that had sent in their ranked lists of their best-selling albums of the week. However, the Best-Selling Popular Record Albums chart was irregularly published; sometimes, nearly two months would pass before the next chart appeared. This was the norm until 24 March 1956, exactly 11 years after the debut of Best-Selling Popular Record Albums; the 10-position Best-Selling Pop Albums chart had debuted, using the same general methodology. Despite what the name may imply in today’s language, the chart ranked albums of all genres. The chart was released on a regular weekly schedule. The number of positions on the chart varied from 10 to 30. The name changed to Best-Selling Pop LP’s in 1957. On 25 May 1959, the chart then split into two: the 30-position Best-Selling Stereophonic LP’s and 50-position Best-Selling Monophonic LP’s charts (, page 45). The charts, as indicated by their names, ranked the best-selling stereo LP’s and the best-selling mono LP’s. The stereo chart and the mono charts used the same methodology as the precursor. After various name changes, in early 1961, the two charts became the 50-position Top LP’s—Stereo and the 150-position Top LP’s—Monaural charts. On 17 August 1963, the Top LP’s—Stereo and Top LP’s—Monaural charts were merged into a single, all-encompassing 150-position chart titled Top LP’s. By 13 May 1967, the chart expanded to the 200-position format we know today. In 1972, the chart’s name became Top LP’s & Tape; in 1984, it became Top 200 Albums; in 1985, Top Pop Albums (again, just like the precursor Best-Selling Pop Albums chart, this chart took into consideration albums of all genres; the “pop” in this case mostly just means “popular”); in 1991, Billboard 200 Top Albums; finally, in 1992, Billboard 200. I keep hearing about “catalogue albums”. What is “catalogue”? “Catalogue” refers to a definition of albums established by Billboard for the Billboard 200. The definition of “catalogue” and the numerous recurrence policies that Billboard has established has repeatedly changed throughout history. Starting 1960, Billboard had published Essential Inventory charts (this was when the chart was split between mono and stereo LP’s), which was essentially catalogue before catalogue. The criteria changed over time, but the first known criteria for an album to chart on the Essential Inventory charts were: Albums charted on Essential Inventory—Mono if they had charted for 40 weeks on the main mono chart. Albums charted on Essential Inventory—Stereo if they had charted for 20 weeks on the main stereo chart. Beginning in 1982, Billboard began publishing new album chart titled Midline LP’s, which ranked the best-selling mid-priced and older albums. (“Mid-price”/ “midline” at the time meant about US$5. 98, which is US$16. 01 in 2019. In other words, more albums with more budget-friendly price tags. ) On 25 May 1991, Billboard began the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart, which is when Billboard instated their current definition of a “catalogue” album. Because of the switch to SoundScan as the chart’s data provider (more on that later), Billboard introduced a new system where albums that are at least 18 months old would automatically be removed from the BB200 should they chart below #100. Once removed, they would be placed on the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart. On 5 December 2009, the exclusion of catalogue titles was lifted completely. As a result, Billboard created the Top Current Albums chart, which is a 100-position sales chart that still uses the previous catalogue title exclusion rule; the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart eventually became Catalog Albums, which is a 50-position sales chart ranking all albums at least 18 months of age that are charting below #100 on the Billboard 200. From 22 November 2003 to 28 November 2009, Billboard published Comprehensive Albums, which is essentially what we call the BB200 today. It forewent all catalogue exclusions. Like what was said in the previous paragraph, on 5 December 2009, the Comprehensive Albums chart was shut down and the BB200, through lifting all exclusions of catalogue titles, essentially became what Comprehensive Albums had been. Okay, so how did Nielsen SoundScan come into play for the Billboard 200? Nielsen SoundScan became the official data provider for the Billboard 200 on the chart dated 25 May 1991. Before this date, the Billboard 200 was calculated with the same general methodology; Billboard would survey record shops across the country for their ranked lists of their best-selling albums of the week, and then aggregate it. Of course, this method was very prone to manipulation by retailers and labels. It was common for retailers to simply remove albums from their best-sellers list if they were declining and thus deemed “on their way out”, even if albums would possibly later prove themselves to be stable sellers. The way SoundScan works is that by scanning barcodes, retailers can produce a computerised list of best-sellers by actual numbers of copies instead of ranked lists. In other words, for the first time, the BB200 was ranked by the actual piece-count of copies sold instead of ranked lists that provided no numbers of copies. Because SoundScan was such a young technology in 1991, extrapolations of copies sold based upon population of geographical regions were necessary. At the time of addition to the BB200, SoundScan had already been tracking 2000 retail locations, 4000 mass-merchandise locations, and 300 independent seller locations. This panel tracked 40% of all US sales at the time (, p119). (You can see why extrapolations were necessary at the time. ) As Nielsen SoundScan didn’t allow for retailers to remove albums from their lists because of being “on their way out”, it instead showed that quite a few older albums were consistent sellers for longer periods of time. Billboard believed that the BB200 should demonstrate more current titles than older titles, especially titles from developing acts. This is how the catalogue albums policy came into place; just to reiterate, albums at least 18 months of age would be removed from the BB200 once they charted below #100. As of 2019, SoundScan and its data is still in use by Billboard for the vast majority of their charts. Over the years, SoundScan has adapted its technology to consumer trends, eventually tracking digital activity. The BB200 reflects this in its current methodology. Cool. How did the chart update its methodology throughout the digital age? In 1999, according to data from the Recording Industry Association of America, album sales by volume peaked at 1. 1 billion albums. Since that year, the yearly total volume of albums sold has been on a near-consistent decrease. Since 2011, album sales by volume has decreased every year, from 240. 8 million albums to 118. 4 million albums in 2018. As a result of ever-decreasing album sales and changes in consumer behaviour, Billboard decided to create a new formula for the BB200. On 13 December 2014, Billboard introduced the album-equivalent unit formulas. At the start, the formula was 1500 streams = 1 streaming-equivalent album unit and 10 digital track sales = 1 track-equivalent album unit. These conversion rates were decided from relative value of each format; a digital song cost $1. 29, so $1. 29 times 10 is equal to $12. 90, which is about the price of an average album. This was the methodology until the charts dated 14 July 2019. Billboard then introduced two tiers for counting streaming: a paid streams tier and ad-supported streams tier. In other words, premium tier and free tier. In an effort to give formats with more value more say on the BB200, streaming from paid services was weighed higher than streaming from ad-supported services; paid streams were set at 1250 streams = 1 album, while free streams were set at 3750 streams = 1 album (). This didn’t have too much a big impact on the BB200 in the long run; music industry insider publication HITS Daily Double found out from streaming data that most albums would experience a 5-10% boost in first week units (); asides from that, there wasn’t much change. Billboard also announced in October 2018 that eventually, "later in 2019", they would split the paid tier further into two new tiers; limited paid tier and unlimited paid tier. As of October 2019 (when I'm writing and posting this), this hasn't happened. Before and throughout the internal deliberations of this decision, YouTube had been attempting to get their official clip views included into the BB200 (). But pushback from rights holders and Apple Music () resulted in YouTube music streams not being counted. What happened with Lady Gaga’s “Born This Way”? Was there a pricing policy involved? At the time, no. Before the chart dated 10 December 2011, there was a lack of pricing policy for bodies of work that charted on the BB200. This is probably because very low discounts for bodies of work typically result in losses for the label and/or the distributor involved. This is what happened when Lady Gaga released her album Born This Way. The album, released in the US 23 May 2011, debuted at #1 on the BB200 with 1. 108 million sales. Out of those 1. 108 million sales, 662 000 were digital copies. But this came with a bit of a footnote; e-commerce company Amazon sold the album for 99¢—yes, you read that right—for the first day of release and on Thursday, 26 May, the fourth day of release. It was said that out of the 662 000 digital copies sold that week, about 442 000 of them were 99¢ copies from Amazon’s MP3 download service (). Billboard says that Amazon lost $3. 3 million through this deal ($8. 40 wholesale price minus 99¢ times 442 000) (, p10). Pocket change for Amazon, but what vendor would want to do this on the regular? On top of all of this, her label Interscope and Universal Music Group Distribution (UMGD) shipped 2. 1 million CD copies of Born This Way to retailers across the United States. In the first week, 449 000 CD copies of the album were sold, resulting in a 21. 4% sell-through of the CD shipment. In the 2000’s, major labels would ship three units for every one unit they expected to sell in the first week. In the early 2010’s, this ratio dropped to around two units for every one unit they expected to ship. UMGD however shipped Born This Way at a ratio of 4. 7 units for every 1 unit sold; twice more than the typical ratio at the time and about 1. 5× more than the typical ratio in the 2000’s. In other words, Interscope created an inventory liability for themselves and for retail, both independent and mass retailers alike. It was then reported that merchants had to and began to ship back some copies in order to improve their cash standing and to rid themselves of inventory liability. And who was likely to blame for this situation? Amazon and its 99¢ deal. Of course, 99¢ for an album is essentially free; hell, who’d pay the typical $10-$12 for an album when you can get it at a retailer for 99¢? And why would Born This Way have shipped so many CD copies in the first week if such a bargain bin discount was happening in the first place? Alas, months after this, Billboard enacted a new pricing policy for the BB200 that went into effect starting the BB200 dated 10 December 2011. Sales for albums priced below $3. 49 within the first month of release would not qualify for charting on the BB200 (). And since then, such an ordeal hasn’t happened. What’s this deal about Britney Spears’s Blackout vs. the Eagles’ Long Road Out of Eden? Something about exclusive titles? On 30 October 2007, both Britney Spears’s album Blackout and the Eagles’ Long Road Out of Eden were released in the United States. At the time, there was a long-standing policy from Billboard involving exclusive titles: No album sold exclusively at one store (in other words, proprietary titles) would be allowed to chart on the Billboard 200 at all. The Eagles released their seventh studio album Long Road Out of Eden exclusively to Walmart and its sister store Sam’s Club. Initially, all signs pointed to Blackout debuting at #1 on the BB200 with respectable sales; the album sold 124 000 copies in the first day alone (), and the album was initially projected to sell 330 000 copies in the full week. But then, something strange happened: the same day that Billboard announced that Blackout would debut at #1 on the BB200 with 290 000 sales, Walmart itself put out a press release announcing that Long Road Out of Eden had sold over 700 000 copies (). After internal deliberations, Billboard announced a last-minute rule change that same day on their website allowing proprietary titles to chart on the BB200. This resulted in the Eagles debuting at #1 with verified sales of 711 000 while Britney Spears debuted at #2 with 290 000 sales (, p69). Then-chart director at Billboard Geoff Mayfield said of the situation: If the writing was already on the wall that proprietary titles would find their way on the Billboard 200 in the foreseeable future, then we had to make the move now for the sake of a more accurate chart. We’ve read and heard passionate complaints from Spears fans and members of her camp that it wasn’t fair to change rules in the middle of the game. I understand that complaint, but the simple truth here is that we’re not talking baseball or football or tennis so that analogy only goes so far. Had we waited until January to make the change, as one label president opined we should, this issue’s chart would forever stand under a cloud with Spears’ Blackout owning No. 1 with a respectable 290 000 sold in a week when everyone knew the Eagles moved 711 000 copies. […. ] Even if we held to the status quo and parked Spears’ Blackout at No. 1, the consumer press would still find a way to belittle her feat, noting this album started at less than half of the first-week sales of her last studio album in 2003 [609 000 copies]. What about Tidal? I don’t know. What about Tidal? Tidal, the Norwegian Jay Z-owned streaming service, has been scrutinised multiple times since 2016 due to multiple accusations of manipulated streaming numbers. The first round of accusations came in with the release of Beyoncé’s Lemonade, which was a proprietary title for streaming on Tidal up until April of this year. Tidal infamously claimed that tracks from Lemonade were streamed 306 million times in the first 15 days of release, while tracks from Kanye West’s The Life of Pablo were streamed 250 million times in 10 days. The concerns regarding digital manipulation blew over after that, until May 2018 when Norwegian newspaper Dagens Næringsliv analysed a hard drive containing billions of rows of Tidal streaming data. They then went out to track down multiple users whose accounts demonstrated bizarre streaming patterns; a Washington, DC user was shown that her account activity showed that she streamed Lemonade tracks 180 times within 24 hours, with her saying that it must have been wrong. A Norwegian music critic was shown that his account activity showed that he streamed The Life of Pablo tracks 96 times in one day, with 54 plays in the middle of the night; he also said that it must be impossible (). So, what was Billboard ’s response to all of this? Nothing really. Tidal hasn’t ever been excluded from the panel of streaming services reporting their streams. Tidal continues to count towards the BB200, but there hasn’t been any recent case of scrutinised streaming numbers from Tidal; not in the US, not internationally. Tickets, T-shirts, and socks, oh my! —What about bundles? Oh right. Bundles. Album bundling—that is, pairing an album copy with another purchase—is a promo tactic that has been around for a very long time, long before this decade. But since 2017, this specific tactic has become very prolific. The New York Times reported that out of the 39 albums that went #1 in 2018, 18 of them had a bundle attached to it (). One prolific example from not too long ago is Bon Jovi’s 2016 album This House Is Not for Sale returned to #1 with 120 000 units for the week of 10 March 2018 thanks to a ticket bundle that week where buying a ticket came with a paired CD copy of the album (). The week after the bundle was over, the album fell to #169, becoming the biggest fall from #1 of all time. There are many more examples, typically from legacy and rock acts; it can be speculated that this is their attempt at competing with a market where less people are buying music (as these acts typically do better on sales than streaming). Typically, these bundled #1 albums almost always have dramatic falls from #1 in the following week. In fact, the 9 of the 10 albums with the biggest drops from #1 on the BB200 of all time were all albums that had bundles during the week they went #1, and they are all from the past 5 years. This is not the first time such a snafu happened; in 2004, Prince released his album Musicology. The album sold 632 000 copies in five weeks due to a bundle where every ticket was paired with a CD copy of the album. 158 000 of the copies sold were from this bundle. Eventually, Billboard responded by creating a rule declaring that the consumer must take an extra step to actually redeem the album, instead of actually having the album pushed onto them (). Such a rule does not exist for merch bundles. As it currently stands, Billboard is still internally deliberating with the music industry on how to revise their bundling rules as a result of this new wave of bundling. But for now, we may have to continue dealing with some more This House Is Not for Sale situations. The year-end charts Just like the Billboard Hot 100, the Billboard 200 follows what is called the “chart year” instead of the typical calendar year. This is defined as the first week of December into the last week of November of the following year. Before the introduction of SoundScan, the Year-End Billboard 200 (YEBB200) was determined by counting all inverse points a title received throughout the chart year. After the introduction of SoundScan, the YEBB200 is now determined by simply aggregating all of the units an album pushes throughout the chart year. Albums released shortly before the end chart year typically have stunted rankings on the YEBB200 as they don’t have much time to accumulate units for the chart year. This can result in splits in between chart years; for example, Shawn Mendes released his second studio album Illuminate on 23 September 2016, which went on to debut at #1 on the Billboard 200 chart dated 13 October 2016. The album then went on to chart at #128 on the 2016 YEBB200 with just seven weeks in the 2016 chart year. On the 2017 YEBB200 however, after having a full chart year of performance, the album rose to #22. The tracking week The Billboard 200 has a very simple and straightforward tracking week. Both sales activity and streaming activity are tracked at the same time on the same days. Friday, 1 January: The tracking week begins. Thursday, 7 January: The tracking week ends. Tuesday, 12 January: The Billboard 200 in its entirety is published on Billboard ’s website as is dated for Saturday of that week, the 16th. This tracking week is based around the Global Release Day initiative pushed by major music industry trade organisations such as the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The music industry has mostly decided on Friday being the day to release new music, as opposed to the previous Tuesday. Streaming services that are counted Streaming service Paid or free? Amazon Music (Unlimited/Prime) Paid Apple Music Paid Google Play Paid Medianet Paid Napster Paid Slacker Paid SoundCloud Paid/Free Spotify Paid/Free Tidal Paid No video streams count towards the Billboard 200. (src) Recapitulation Since there’s a lot of info in this guide, I’ve decided to give you guys a quick recap! Album-equivalent units Album-equivalent units includes streaming-equivalent albums (SEA) and track-equivalent albums (TEA). They are first calculated and then added directly to the pure sales to create a complete album unit total. Streaming is weighed between whether or not it’s coming from a free service or paid service. Paid streams are weighed at 1250 streams to 1 SEA, while free streams are weighed at 3750 streams to 1 SEA. Video streams do not count. Here are all of the services that count: Streaming service Paid or free? Amazon Music (Unlimited/Prime) Paid Apple Music Paid Google Play Paid Medianet Paid Napster Paid Slacker Paid SoundCloud Paid/Free Spotify Paid/Free Tidal Paid (src) One TEA unit is 10 tracks to 1 TEA. Tracking week Sales activity and streaming activity are both tracked at the same time on the same days. The tracking week is based on the Global Release Day initiative. Year-end chart The YEBB200 is determined by aggregating all of the units an album pushes throughout the chart year. Albums released just before the end chart year usually have stunted rankings on the YEBB200 as they don’t have much time to accumulate units for the chart year. This can result in splits in between chart years. Assorted rules Albums priced under $3. 49 during the first four weeks of release will not be eligible to chart on the Billboard 200 during those weeks. In order for a ticket bundle to count, the consumer must redeem the album. A similar rule does not exist for merchandise bundles. Proprietary titles are allowed to chart. When a track is available on multiple albums, whichever album is selling more pure sales that week receives that track’s TEA and SEA performance for that week. Quick Q&A These are simply other chart tidbits… Can albums sell very low and still chart at #1? Yes. This year, A Boogie wit da Hoodie released his album Hoodie SZN which hit #1 in its third week with 55 000 units in the first week. However, that figure was mostly due to the SEA performance; the album had actually sold just 823 copies. The following week, it held at #1 with 56 000 units while selling just 749 copies. It is the first and only album to rank at #1 while selling under 1000 copies (). What if a track is on two or more albums? Where does its SEA and TEA performance go to? The SEA and TEA performance of that track goes to whichever album is selling more in pure sales. A recent example of this is Post Malone and Swae Lee’s collaboration “Sunflower”. The song featured on the Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse OST. But when Post Malone’s Hollywood’s Bleeding debuted at #1, the Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse OST tumbled from #26 the previous week to #162. Can albums chart with just streaming? Yes. Chance the Rapper’s mixtape Coloring Book was initially released as a streaming-only release. The album went on to debut at #8 on the BB200 with 57. 3 million streams, equating to 38 000 units all in SEA. End It seems like this is the end of the guide. Thank you for your attention. I hope you enjoyed and appreciated all of the information that I provided in this guide.
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